Studi ed approfondimenti sulla composizione in acidi grassi del latte bovino di razza Reggiana con diverso fenotipo per k-caseina e Beta-lactoglobulina

The aim of the present study was to examine the association between milk protein polymorphism and fatty acids profiles of bovine milk. Milk samples were collected from each of 55 Reggiana cows during early, mid and late lactation, respectively, in two farms within the production area of Parmigiano Reggiano cheese. Identification and quantification of fatty acids were performed by gas chromatography. Milk fatty acid composition using cows of differing κ-casein (κ-Cn) and β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) phenotypes was investigated. Statistically significant results regarding the associations between milk fatty acid composition and κ-Cn phenotype were found, in particular, κ-Cn BB seems to influence de novo fatty acid synthesis in the mammary gland. Also κ-Cn AB seems to have the same effect. Proportions of C10:0 (2,29a AA; 2,53b AB; 2,59b BB), C12:0 (2,77a AA; 3,17b AB; 3,20b BB) and C14:0 (9,22a AA; 10,25b AB; 10,27b BB) were higher in the milk from cows with κ-Cn phenotype AB and BB vs κ-Cn phenotype AA (p<0,05). Conversely C18:0 (7,84b AA; 7,20a,b AB; 6,94a BB) and C18:1 (19,19b AA; 16,81a AB; 16,79a BB) were lower in the milk from cows with κ-Cn phenotype AB and BB vs κ-Cn phenotype AA. The association between milk fatty acid composition and β-Lg phenotype was not statistically significant, except for some fatty acids. In particular, C12:0 (3,05a AA; 3,04a AB; 3,33b BB) was higher in the milk from cows with β-Lg phenotype BB vs β-Lg phenotype AA and AB (p<0,05). Concentrations of C18:0 (6,93a AA; 7,86b AB; 6,59a BB) and C18:1 (16,74a,b AA; 18,24b AB; 16,07a BB) were lower in the milk from cows with β-Lg phenotype AA and BB vs β-Lg phenotype AB (p<0,05). Moreover this research, carried out in farms within the Parmigiano Reggiano cheese district, analysed also the size distribution of fat globules in bulk milk of Reggiana and Frisona breed cows. In particular, the size distribution of individual milk fat globules of Reggiana cows with differing κ-Cn phenotypes was considered. From first observations, no statistically significant differences were observed.

Biometanazione della frazione organica dei rifiuti solidi urbani attraverso codigestione con letame bovino

An anaerobic consortium, capable of efficiently converting into methane the organic fraction of mechanically sorted municipal solid waste (MS-OFMSW), was obtained through a dedicated enrichment procedure in a 0.36 L up-flow anaerobic recirculated reactor. This result was obtained after several micro-reactor fed-batch procedures that allowed to obtain only a few methanization of the MS-OFMSW.

Nicolò dell'Abate in Francia: disegni e progetti decorativi. Proposta per un catalogo

La tesi prende in esame l’attività artistica di Nicolò dell’Abate (Modena, 1509 – Parigi, 1571), con particolare riferimento alla sua grafica. L’artista lavorò circa sessanta anni suddivisi fra l’Emilia, in alcune delle sue piccole entità politiche autonome come Modena, Scandiano, Soragna, Busseto, Bologna, e la Francia, potente stato nazionale che, all’epoca qui presa in considerazione, era guidato dalla casata dei Valois: la carriera italiana di Nicolò dell’Abate si sviluppa in un arco temporale che si estende dal 1529 alla primavera del 1552, quando si trasferisce definitivamente oltralpe, morendo a Parigi alla fine di marzo del 1571. L’elaborato è diviso in quattro capitoli, dei quali il primo, introduttivo, ripercorre per sommi capi le principali tappe della sfaccettata attività italiana; il secondo e il terzo sono invece incentrati sull’esame dell’attività artistica francese del maestro, con particolare riferimento alla grafica, indagata sulla base della ricostruzione del contesto storico, culturale e artistico della Francia dell’epoca, con specifico riguardo alla corte reale della famiglia Valois nei periodi compresi fra l’arrivo di Nicolò, nel 1552, e la morte prematura del re Enrico II, nel 1559, e fra il 1560 e il 1571, durante il quale deteneva il potere de facto la regina madre Caterina de’ Medici, moglie di Enrico. Il quarto e ultimo capitolo costituisce il catalogo dei disegni italiani e francesi: è preceduto da un saggio introduttivo che esamina lo stile disegnativo di Nicolò dell’Abate in Italia e in Francia, le sue caratteristiche fondamentali e il suo mutamento, oltre alle tecniche grafiche impiegate dall’artista, la loro evoluzione e variazione e il loro ruolo nella sua poetica. Infine, in appendice, è presente il regesto delle fonti francesi sull’attività dell’artista e di alcuni dei maggiori esponenti della cosiddetta scuola di Fontainebleau.

Preharvest factors affecting quality and antioxidant levels on Abate Fétel pears: study of superficial scald with a multivariate statistical approach and neural networks

There are only a few insights concerning the influence that agronomic and management variability may have on superficial scald (SS) in pears. Abate Fétel pears were picked during three seasons (2018, 2019 and 2020) from thirty commercial orchards in the Emilia Romagna region, Italy. Using a multivariate statistical approach, high heterogeneity between farms for SS development after cold storage with regular atmosphere was demonstrated. Indeed, some factors seem to affect SS in all growing seasons: high yields, soil texture, improper irrigation and Nitrogen management, use of plant growth regulators, late harvest, precipitations, Calcium and cow manure, presence of nets, orchard age, training system and rootstock. Afterwards, we explored the spatio/temporal variability of fruit attributes in two pear orchards. Environmental and physiological spatial variables were recorded by a portable RTK GPS. High spatial variability of the SS index was observed. Through a geostatistical approach, some characteristics, including soil electrical conductivity and fruit size, have been shown to be negatively correlated with SS. Moreover, regression tree analyses were applied suggesting the presence of threshold values of antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content, and acidity against SS. High pulp firmness and IAD values before storage, denoting a more immature fruit, appeared to be correlated with low SS. Finally, a convolution neural networks (CNN) was tested to detect SS and the starch pattern index (SPI) in pears for portable device applications. Preliminary statistics showed that the model for SS had low accuracy but good precision, and the CNN for SPI denoted good performances compared to the Ctifl and Laimburg scales. The major conclusion is that Abate Fétel pears can potentially be stored in different cold rooms, according to their origin and quality features, ensuring the best fruit quality for the final consumers. These results might lead to a substantial improvement in the Italian pear industry.