La didattica della traduzione specializzata dallo spagnolo in italiano: competenza traduttiva, genere testuale e nuove tecnologie

Il progetto di ricerca che presentiamo nasce dalla virtuosa combinazione di teoria e prassi didattica nello spirito della ricerca-azione. Scopo del presente lavoro è elaborare un percorso didattico di formazione alla traduzione specializzata in ambito medico-scientifico, tecnico ed economico-giuridico per la combinazione linguistica spagnolo-italiano all’interno della cornice istituzionale concreta dell’università italiana oggi. La nostra proposta formativa si fonda su tre elementi: la ricognizione del mercato attuale della traduzione per la combinazione linguistica indicata, l’individuazione degli obiettivi formativi in base al modello di competenza traduttiva scelto, l’elaborazione del percorso didattico per competenze e basato sull’enfoque por tareas di traduzione. Nella progettazione delle modalità didattiche due sono gli aspetti che definiscono il percorso proposto: il concetto di genere testuale specializzato per la traduzione e la gestione delle informazioni mediante le nuove tecnologie (corpora, banche dati terminologiche e fraseologiche, memorie di traduzione, traduzione controllata). Il presente lavoro si articola in due parti: la prima parte (quattro capitoli) presenta l’inquadramento teorico all’interno del quale si sviluppa la riflessione intorno alla didattica della traduzione specializzata; la seconda parte (due capitoli) presenta l’inquadramento metodologico e analitico all’interno del quale si elabora la nostra proposta didattica. Nel primo capitolo si illustrano i rapporti fra traduzione e mondo professionale; nel secondo capitolo si presenta il concetto di competenza traduttiva come ponte tra la formazione e il mondo della traduzione professionale; nel terzo capitolo si ripercorrono le tappe principali dell’evoluzione della didattica della traduzione generale; nel quarto capitolo illustriamo alcune tra le più recenti e complete proposte didattiche per la traduzione specializzata in ambito tecnico, medico-scientifico ed economico-giuridico. Nel quinto capitolo si introduce il concetto di genere testuale specializzato per la traduzione e nel sesto capitolo si illustra la proposta didattica per la traduzione specializzata dallo spagnolo in italiano che ha motivato il presente lavoro.

Performing inclusion and exclusion in the peer group. Children's social organization and peer socializing practices in the classroom

This PhD thesis investigates children’s peer practices in two primary schools in Italy, focusing on the ordinary and the Italian L2 classroom. The study is informed by the paradigm of language socialization and considers peer interactions as a ‘double opportunity space’, allowing both children’s co-construction of their social organization and children’s sociolinguistic development. These two foci of attention are explored on the basis of children’s social interaction and of the verbal, embodied, and material resources that children agentively deploy during their mundane activities in the peer group. The study is based on a video ethnography that lasted nine months. Approximately 30 hours of classroom interactions were video-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed with an approach that combines the micro-analytic instruments of Conversation Analysis and the use of ethnographic information. Three main social phenomena were selected for analysis: (a) children’s enactment of the role of the teacher, (b) children’s reproduction of must-formatted rules, and (c) children’s argumentative strategies during peer conflict. The analysis highlights the centrality of the institutional frame for children’s peer interactions in the classroom. Moreover, the study illustrates that children socialize their classmates to the linguistic, social, and moral expectations of the context in and through various practices. Notably, these practices are also germane to the local negotiation of children’s social organization and hierarchy. Therefore, the thesis underlines that children’s peer interactions are both a resource for children’s sociolinguistic development and a potentially problematic locus where social exclusion is constructed and brought to bear. These insights are relevant for teachers’ professional practice. Children’s peer interactions are a resource that can be integrated in everyday didactics. Nevertheless, the role of the teacher in supervising and steering children’s peer practices appears crucial: an acritical view of children’s autonomous work, often implied in teaching methods such as peer tutoring, needs to be problematized.

Teaching informatics to novices: big ideas and the necessity of optimal guidance

This thesis reports on the two main areas of our research: introductory programming as the traditional way of accessing informatics and cultural teaching informatics through unconventional pathways. The research on introductory programming aims to overcome challenges in traditional programming education, thus increasing participation in informatics. Improving access to informatics enables individuals to pursue more and better professional opportunities and contribute to informatics advancements. We aimed to balance active, student-centered activities and provide optimal support to novices at their level. Inspired by Productive Failure and exploring the concept of notional machine, our work focused on developing Necessity Learning Design, a design to help novices tackle new programming concepts. Using this design, we implemented a learning sequence to introduce arrays and evaluated it in a real high-school context. The subsequent chapters discuss our experiences teaching CS1 in a remote-only scenario during the COVID-19 pandemic and our collaborative effort with primary school teachers to develop a learning module for teaching iteration using a visual programming environment. The research on teaching informatics principles through unconventional pathways, such as cryptography, aims to introduce informatics to a broader audience, particularly younger individuals that are less technical and professional-oriented. It emphasizes the importance of understanding informatics's cultural and scientific aspects to focus on the informatics societal value and its principles for active citizenship. After reflecting on computational thinking and inspired by the big ideas of science and informatics, we describe our hands-on approach to teaching cryptography in high school, which leverages its key scientific elements to emphasize its social aspects. Additionally, we present an activity for teaching public-key cryptography using graphs to explore fundamental concepts and methods in informatics and mathematics and their interdisciplinarity. In broadening the understanding of informatics, these research initiatives also aim to foster motivation and prime for more professional learning of informatics.