An Input-Process-Output Approach to Interorganizational Teams: The Influence of Work Group Diversity, Trust and Shared Leadership on Communication Network and Team Outputs.

The market’s challenges bring firms to collaborate with other organizations in order to create Joint Ventures, Alliances and Consortia that are defined as “Interorganizational Networks” (IONs) (Provan, Fish and Sydow; 2007). Some of these IONs are managed through a shared partecipant governance (Provan and Kenis, 2008): a team composed by entrepreneurs and/or directors of each firm of an ION. The research is focused on these kind of management teams and it is based on an input-process-output model: some input variables (work group’s diversity, intra-team's friendship network density) have a direct influence on the process (team identification, shared leadership, interorganizational trust, team trust and intra-team's communication network density), which influence some team outputs, individual innovation behaviors and team effectiveness (team performance, work group satisfaction and ION affective commitment). Data was collected on a sample of 101 entrepreneurs grouped in 28 ION’s government teams and the research hypotheses are tested trough the path analysis and the multilevel models. As expected trust in team and shared leadership are positively and directly related to team effectiveness while team identification and interorganizational trust are indirectly related to the team outputs. The friendship network density among the team’s members has got positive effects on the trust in team and on the communication network density, and also, through the communication network density it improves the level of the teammates ION affective commitment. The shared leadership and its effects on the team effectiveness are fostered from higher level of team identification and weakened from higher level of work group diversity, specifically gender diversity. Finally, the communication network density and shared leadership at the individual level are related to the frequency of individual innovative behaviors. The dissertation’s results give a wider and more precise indication about the management of interfirm network through “shared” form of governance.

Antropologia del lavoro. Nuovi scenari di antropologia applicata

In questa tesi viene presentata una ricerca di campo che si configura come esempio di un’antropologia applicata alle dinamiche lavorative all’interno di un’azienda ICT italiana. Fulcro della trattazione è la riflessione sui diversi aspetti di un’analisi antropologica del clima aziendale, condotta sulla base di una rilevazione dei processi lavorativi presso una società italiana specializzata in progetti di digital marketing. Il lavoro associato alle tecnologie di ultima generazione non è impersonale o dettato soltanto da regole esterne, ma piuttosto un lavoro dal forte carattere rituale, sociale, morale e performativo, dove soggetti, ruoli, idee, scelte e problematiche si intrecciano secondo modalità uniche ed irripetibili, rintracciabili anche attraverso l’etnografia. E’ dunque necessario dare visibilità al ruolo attivo dei lavoratori nel loro essere contemporaneamente individui e soggetti che lavorano. Partendo da una riflessione su lavoro e tecnologia all’interno di un quadro interdisciplinare che vede coinvolte - insieme all’antropologia - la sociologia, l’economia e la storia, ci si sofferma sulle potenzialità dell’antropologia del lavoro. Dopo aver ripercorso tutti i passi della ricerca di campo presso l’azienda, viene condivisa una più ampia considerazione sul ruolo dell’antropologia applicata al lavoro in contesti aziendali. Infine l’esperienza di antropologa in azienda viene posta a confronto con un’altra attività svolta dalla stessa autrice in ambito accademico nel campo dell’antropologia dell’educazione. Gli studi presi in considerazione e le esperienze concrete offrono la possibilità di affrontare il tema dell’antropologia del lavoro all’interno di una più vasta riflessione sulla necessità di sviluppare un’antropologia applicata in Italia. Essa non occupa ancora un posto rilevante nello scenario della vita pubblica, ma molti sono gli sforzi che si stanno compiendo in questa direzione. Uno sguardo positivo verso il futuro e la consapevolezza di un’antropologia che è insieme azione, impegno, partecipazione e sperimentazione etnografica concludono la tesi.

Work and Family: a complex interplay. An Italian application of the DISC Model on health care workers

The present thesis investigates the issue of work-family conflict and facilitation in a sanitarian contest, using the DISC Model (De Jonge and Dormann, 2003, 2006). The general aim has been declined in two empirical studies reported in this dissertation chapters. Chapter 1 reporting the psychometric properties of the Demand-Induced Strain Compensation Questionnaire. Although the empirical evidence on the DISC Model has received a fair amount of attention in literature both for the theoretical principles and for the instrument developed to display them (DISQ; De Jonge, Dormann, Van Vegchel, Von Nordheim, Dollard, Cotton and Van den Tooren, 2007) there are no studies based solely on psychometric investigation of the instrument. In addition, no previous studies have ever used the DISC as a model or measurement instrument in an Italian context. Thus the first chapter of the present dissertation was based on psychometric investigation of the DISQ. Chapter 2 reporting a longitudinal study contribution. The purpose was to examine, using the DISC model, the relationship between emotional job characteristics, work-family interface and emotional exhaustion among a health care population. We started testing the Triple Match Principle of the DISC Model using solely the emotional dimension of the strain-stress process (i.e. emotional demands, emotional resources and emotional exhaustion). Then we investigated the mediator role played by w-f conflict and w-f facilitation in relation to emotional job characteristics and emotional exhaustion. Finally we compared the mediator model across workers involved in chronic illness home demands and workers who are not involved. Finally, a general conclusion, integrated and discussed the main findings of the studies reported in this dissertation.