Phylogeny and population dynamics in European Reticulitermes and Kalotermes genera (Insecta, Isoptera)

The aim of this thesis is to detect the phylogeny and the population dynamics of the European termites of the genera Reticulitermes and Kalotermes, by the use of different mitochondrial (16S, COI/tRNA/COII, CR) and nuclear (microsatellites and Inter-SINE) molecular markers. In the phylogenetic analyses, the obtained results have well defined the cladogenetic events that generated the nowadays species biodiversity of the genus Reticulitermes, while the analysis of the Kalotermes flavicollis taxon showed the presence of at least four genetic clades, defined on the basis of the geographical distance. The second part of the thesis is centred on the population dynamics of two species: Reticulitermes urbis and Kalotermes flavicollis. The first species, native of the Balkans, is known to be present in some cities of Italy and France. I’ve analyzed the colony genetic structure of the introduced population of Bagnacavallo (RA, Italy), using nine microsatellite loci. The obtained results are in accordance with those obtained from another population in France: this species in fact confirms its invasive and infestation capacities. The analysis of the natural population of K. flavicollis, performed with a combination of mitochondrial (control region) and nuclear (microsatellites and I-SINE) markers, clearly evidenced the presence of two genetic lineages that coexist in the same area. Moreover, results clearly indicate that the cross-breeding is allowed. Finally, the whole results are discussed in a comparative view to better understand the differences in ecology, evolutionary dynamics and colony social structure between these two genera.

Practical Management of the Endangered African Wild Dog (Lycaon Pictus): Implementation of Research Methodologies, Management Tools and Validation of Non-Invasive Endocrinology Applications

The porpoise of this study was to implement research methodologies and assess the effectiveness and impact of management tools to promote best practices for the long term conservation of the endangered African wild dog (Lycaon pictus). Different methods were included in the project framework to investigate and expand the applicability of these methodologies to free-ranging African wild dogs in the southern African region: ethology, behavioural endocrinology and ecology field methodologies were tested and implemented. Additionally, research was performed to test the effectiveness and implication of a contraceptive implant (Suprenolin) as a management tool for the species of a subpopulation hosted in fenced areas. Attention was especially given to social structure and survival of treated packs. This research provides useful tools and advances the applicability of these methods for field studies, standardizing and improving research instruments in the field of conservation biology and behavioural endocrinology. Results reported here provide effective methodologies to expand the applicability of non-invasive endocrine assessment to previously prohibited fields, and validation of sampling methods for faecal hormone analysis. The final aim was to fill a knowledge gap on behaviours of the species and provide a common ground for future researchers to apply non-invasive methods to this species research and to test the effectiveness of the contraception on a managed metapopulation.

La Bukowina e la "letteratura etnografica" di lingua tedesca

La Bukowina è una regione dell’impero asburgico ricordata come “eccezionale” per la compresenza e la tolleranza fra etnie, nonché per l’accoglienza unica della lingua tedesca. Questa narrazione proviene e dai nostalgici ricordi delle ultime generazioni di abitanti del luogo, che in seguito hanno vissuto la fine del “mondo di ieri”; e da un discorso propagandistico della Corona. La presente ricerca si propone di illustrare il paesaggio culturale della Bukowina nonché le reali modalità con cui la cultura dell’imperatore si insinuò nella regione. Nel decodificare il rapporto di superiorità con cui il tedesco si affacciava agli altri popoli – investigato con l’ausilio dei postcolonial studies –, il progetto propone come materia di studio un fenomeno letterario in voga a cavallo tra XIX e XX secolo, la “letteratura etnografica”, ispirato dall’affascinante molteplicità della Bukowina, nonché da una disciplina accademica che in quegli anni attirava molti studiosi e curiosi: l’etnografia. Questo tipo di letteratura si esprime attraverso diversi generi letterari, che spesso condividono il tratto della frammentarietà. Tra queste opere, la presente analisi si sofferma su tre esempi che mostrano un progressivo allontanamento dal metodo “scientifico” della disciplina etnografica, illustrando l’ampiezza dell’insieme “letteratura etnografica”: "Die Völkergruppen der Bukowina" (1884) di Ludwig Adolf Staufe Simiginowicz; "Aus Halb-Asien" (1876-1888) di Karl Emil Franzos; "Maghrebinische Geschichten" (1953), di Gregor von Rezzori.