4 resultados para Real property and taxation
em AMS Tesi di Dottorato - Alm@DL - Università di Bologna
Resumo:
Il territorio italiano presenta una grandissima ricchezza nel campo dei Beni Culturali, sia mobili che immobili; si tratta di un patrimonio di grande importanza che va gestito e tutelato nel migliore dei modi e con strumenti adeguati, anche in relazione ai problemi ad esso legati in termini di manutenzione e di salvaguardia dai fattori di rischio a cui può essere esposto. Per una buona conoscenza del Patrimonio Culturale, è fondamentale un’acquisizione preliminare di informazioni condotte in modo sistematico e unitario, che siano diffuse ed organiche, ma anche utili ad una valutazione preventiva e ad una successiva programmazione degli interventi di restauro di tipo conservativo. In questo ambito, l'impiego delle tecniche e tecnologie geomatiche nel campo dei Beni Culturali, può fornire un valido contributo, che va dalla catalogazione e documentazione del bene culturale al suo controllo e monitoraggio. Oggigiorno il crescente sviluppo di nuove tecnologie digitali, accompagnato dai notevoli passi avanti compiuti dalle discipline della geomatica (in primo luogo topografiche e fotogrammetriche), rende possibile una efficace integrazione tra varie tecniche, favorita anche dalla diffusione di soluzioni per l’interscambio dati e per la comunicazione tra differenti dispositivi. Lo studio oggetto della presente tesi si propone, di approfondire gli aspetti legati all’uso delle tecniche e tecnologie della Geomatica, per mettere in risalto le condizioni di un bene ed il suo stato di degrado. Per la gestione e la salvaguardia di un bene culturale , si presenta il SIT Carta del Rischio che evidenzia le pericolosità legate al patrimonio, e come esse sommate alla vulnerabilità di un singolo bene, contribuiscano all’individuazione del grado di rischio. di approfondire gli aspetti legati all’uso delle tecniche e tecnologie delle Geomatica, per mettere in risalto le condizioni di un bene ed il suo stato di degrado.
Resumo:
Organic electronics has grown enormously during the last decades driven by the encouraging results and the potentiality of these materials for allowing innovative applications, such as flexible-large-area displays, low-cost printable circuits, plastic solar cells and lab-on-a-chip devices. Moreover, their possible field of applications reaches from medicine, biotechnology, process control and environmental monitoring to defense and security requirements. However, a large number of questions regarding the mechanism of device operation remain unanswered. Along the most significant is the charge carrier transport in organic semiconductors, which is not yet well understood. Other example is the correlation between the morphology and the electrical response. Even if it is recognized that growth mode plays a crucial role into the performance of devices, it has not been exhaustively investigated. The main goal of this thesis was the finding of a correlation between growth modes, electrical properties and morphology in organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). In order to study the thickness dependence of electrical performance in organic ultra-thin-film transistors, we have designed and developed a home-built experimental setup for performing real-time electrical monitoring and post-growth in situ electrical characterization techniques. We have grown pentacene TFTs under high vacuum conditions, varying systematically the deposition rate at a fixed room temperature. The drain source current IDS and the gate source current IGS were monitored in real-time; while a complete post-growth in situ electrical characterization was carried out. At the end, an ex situ morphological investigation was performed by using the atomic force microscope (AFM). In this work, we present the correlation for pentacene TFTs between growth conditions, Debye length and morphology (through the correlation length parameter). We have demonstrated that there is a layered charge carriers distribution, which is strongly dependent of the growth mode (i.e. rate deposition for a fixed temperature), leading to a variation of the conduction channel from 2 to 7 monolayers (MLs). We conciliate earlier reported results that were apparently contradictory. Our results made evident the necessity of reconsidering the concept of Debye length in a layered low-dimensional device. Additionally, we introduce by the first time a breakthrough technique. This technique makes evident the percolation of the first MLs on pentacene TFTs by monitoring the IGS in real-time, correlating morphological phenomena with the device electrical response. The present thesis is organized in the following five chapters. Chapter 1 makes an introduction to the organic electronics, illustrating the operation principle of TFTs. Chapter 2 presents the organic growth from theoretical and experimental points of view. The second part of this chapter presents the electrical characterization of OTFTs and the typical performance of pentacene devices is shown. In addition, we introduce a correcting technique for the reconstruction of measurements hampered by leakage current. In chapter 3, we describe in details the design and operation of our innovative home-built experimental setup for performing real-time and in situ electrical measurements. Some preliminary results and the breakthrough technique for correlating morphological and electrical changes are presented. Chapter 4 meets the most important results obtained in real-time and in situ conditions, which correlate growth conditions, electrical properties and morphology of pentacene TFTs. In chapter 5 we describe applicative experiments where the electrical performance of pentacene TFTs has been investigated in ambient conditions, in contact to water or aqueous solutions and, finally, in the detection of DNA concentration as label-free sensor, within the biosensing framework.
Resumo:
This thesis provides a thoroughly theoretical background in network theory and shows novel applications to real problems and data. In the first chapter a general introduction to network ensembles is given, and the relations with “standard” equilibrium statistical mechanics are described. Moreover, an entropy measure is considered to analyze statistical properties of the integrated PPI-signalling-mRNA expression networks in different cases. In the second chapter multilayer networks are introduced to evaluate and quantify the correlations between real interdependent networks. Multiplex networks describing citation-collaboration interactions and patterns in colorectal cancer are presented. The last chapter is completely dedicated to control theory and its relation with network theory. We characterise how the structural controllability of a network is affected by the fraction of low in-degree and low out-degree nodes. Finally, we present a novel approach to the controllability of multiplex networks
Resumo:
Coastal flooding poses serious threats to coastal areas around the world, billions of dollars in damage to property and infrastructure, and threatens the lives of millions of people. Therefore, disaster management and risk assessment aims at detecting vulnerability and capacities in order to reduce coastal flood disaster risk. In particular, non-specialized researchers, emergency management personnel, and land use planners require an accurate, inexpensive method to determine and map risk associated with storm surge events and long-term sea level rise associated with climate change. This study contributes to the spatially evaluation and mapping of social-economic-environmental vulnerability and risk at sub-national scale through the development of appropriate tools and methods successfully embedded in a Web-GIS Decision Support System. A new set of raster-based models were studied and developed in order to be easily implemented in the Web-GIS framework with the purpose to quickly assess and map flood hazards characteristics, damage and vulnerability in a Multi-criteria approach. The Web-GIS DSS is developed recurring to open source software and programming language and its main peculiarity is to be available and usable by coastal managers and land use planners without requiring high scientific background in hydraulic engineering. The effectiveness of the system in the coastal risk assessment is evaluated trough its application to a real case study.