Study of Candidate Genes for production and carcass traits in Italian Heavy Pigs: identification of a new DNA Markers, Expression Studies and Association Analysis using Different Experimental Design

Heavy pig breeding in Italy is mainly oriented for the production of high quality processed products. Of particular importance is the dry cured ham production, which is strictly regulated and requires specific carcass characteristics correlated with green leg characteristics. Furthermore, as pigs are slaughtered at about 160 kg live weight, the Italian pig breeding sector faces severe problems of production efficiency that are related to all biological aspects linked to growth, feed conversion, fat deposition and so on. It is well known that production and carcass traits are in part genetically determined. Therefore, as a first step to understand genetic basis of traits that could have a direct or indirect impact on dry cured ham production, a candidate gene approach can be used to identify DNA markers associated with parameters of economic importance. In this thesis, we investigated three candidate genes for carcass and production traits (TRIB3, PCSK1, MUC4) in pig breeds used for dry cured ham production, using different experimental approaches in order to find molecular markers associated with these parameters.

Essays in Gender Economics

This thesis consists of three papers on gender economics. Chapter 1 studies whether people dislike collaborating with someone who corrects them and whether the dislike is stronger when that person is a woman. Having a good relationship with colleagues is integral in group work, potentially leading to successful collaborations. However, there are occasions when people have to correct their colleagues. Using a quasi-laboratory experiment, I find that people, including those with high productivity, are less willing to collaborate with a person who has corrected them even if the correction improves group performance. In addition, I find suggestive evidence that men respond more negatively to women’s corrections, which is not driven by their beliefs about the difference in women’s and men’s abilities. These findings suggest that there is a behavioral bias in group work that distorts the optimal selection of talents and penalizes those who correct others’ mistakes, and the distortion may be stronger when women correct men. Chapter 2 studies the role of gender and cognitive skills on other peoples’ generosity. Using a novel experimental design where I exogenously vary gender and cognitive skills and sufficiently powered analysis, I find neither the two attributes nor their interactions affect other people’s generosity; if anything, people are more generous to women with high potential. Chapter 3 studies how increased legal tolerance toward domestic violence affects married women’s welfare using the domestic violence decriminalization bill introduced to the Russian national congress in 2016. Using difference-in-differences and flexibly controlling for macroeconomic shocks, I find that the bill decreased married women’s life satisfaction and increased depression, especially among those with a college degree and a highly qualified white-collar occupation supposed to be more sensitive to gender regressive atmosphere. Consistent with this conjecture, people became more tolerant toward general and domestic violence after the bill.

Promuovere l'autovalutazione e il miglioramento delle strategie di apprendimento degli studenti internazionali cinesi: una ricerca empirica presso l'Università di Bologna

Nel quadro di alcuni filoni di ricerca inerenti alla promozione delle strategie cognitive, metacognitive e motivazionali degli studenti per una migliore efficacia del loro apprendimento (anche a livello universitario), il contributo presenta l’impianto e gli esiti di una ricerca empirica volta a indagare le percezioni degli studenti internazionali cinesi sulla loro esperienza universitaria in Italia, con un focus sulle eventuali difficoltà nell’adozione di un approccio autonomo e strategico all’apprendimento, e a sperimentare un intervento formativo messo a punto per sostenerli nel miglioramento del loro approccio all’apprendimento attraverso l’uso di procedure sistematiche di autoriflessione, self-recording e autovalutazione supportate dalla ricercatrice. Il disegno della ricerca è un quasi-esperimento a due gruppi con pre-test e post-test. Il campione è costituito da 60 studenti di diversi Dipartimenti dell’Università di Bologna che hanno partecipato volontariamente alla ricerca, di cui 30 hanno preso parte all’intervento. Gli strumenti utilizzati per la misurazione in ingresso e in uscita sono il Questionario sui Processi di Apprendimento e alcune scale del Questionario sulle Strategie di Apprendimento. Agli studenti del gruppo sperimentale è stato somministrato anche un questionario finale di valutazione del percorso formativo. Sono state inoltre effettuate alcune interviste a distanza di tempo come fase di follow up. Gli studenti in entrambi i gruppi affrontano sfide relative all’ambientamento nel contesto universitario italiano, con particolare riferimento a difficoltà linguistiche e di integrazione sociale. I principali fattori influenti sull’efficacia dello studio includono le barriere linguistiche, la gestione del tempo, la consapevolezza e l’uso delle strategie di studio. Nonostante emerga un miglioramento del gruppo sperimentale tra pre e post test, le differenze tra i due gruppi non sono risultate statisticamente significative. Tuttavia, i feedback forniti dagli studenti nel questionario di soddisfazione per il percorso formativo e nelle interviste post-intervento evidenziano percezioni positive sull’utilità del percorso, con benefici relativi al loro approccio allo studio.