Decompositions of powers of quadratic forms

We analyze the Waring decompositions of the powers of any quadratic form over the field of complex numbers. Our main objective is to provide detailed information about their rank and border rank. These forms are of significant importance because of the classical decomposition expressing the space of polynomials of a fixed degree as a direct sum of the spaces of harmonic polynomials multiplied by a power of the quadratic form. Using the fact that the spaces of harmonic polynomials are irreducible representations of the special orthogonal group over the field of complex numbers, we show that the apolar ideal of the s-th power of a non-degenerate quadratic form in n variables is generated by the set of harmonic polynomials of degree s+1. We also generalize and improve upon some of the results about real decompositions, provided by B. Reznick in his notes from 1992, focusing on possibly minimal decompositions and providing new ones, both real and complex. We investigate the rank of the second power of a non-degenerate quadratic form in n variables, which is equal to (n^2+n+2)/2 in most cases. We also study the border rank of any power of an arbitrary ternary non-degenerate quadratic form, which we determine explicitly using techniques of apolarity and a specific subscheme contained in its apolar ideal. Based on results about smoothability, we prove that the smoothable rank of the s-th power of such form corresponds exactly to its border rank and to the rank of its middle catalecticant matrix, which is equal to (s+1)(s+2)/2.

A moment symbolic representation of Lévy processes with applications

By using a symbolic method, known in the literature as the classical umbral calculus, a symbolic representation of Lévy processes is given and a new family of time-space harmonic polynomials with respect to such processes, which includes and generalizes the exponential complete Bell polynomials, is introduced. The usefulness of time-space harmonic polynomials with respect to Lévy processes is that it is a martingale the stochastic process obtained by replacing the indeterminate x of the polynomials with a Lévy process, whereas the Lévy process does not necessarily have this property. Therefore to find such polynomials could be particularly meaningful for applications. This new family includes Hermite polynomials, time-space harmonic with respect to Brownian motion, Poisson-Charlier polynomials with respect to Poisson processes, Laguerre and actuarial polynomials with respect to Gamma processes , Meixner polynomials of the first kind with respect to Pascal processes, Euler, Bernoulli, Krawtchuk, and pseudo-Narumi polynomials with respect to suitable random walks. The role played by cumulants is stressed and brought to the light, either in the symbolic representation of Lévy processes and their infinite divisibility property, either in the generalization, via umbral Kailath-Segall formula, of the well-known formulae giving elementary symmetric polynomials in terms of power sum symmetric polynomials. The expression of the family of time-space harmonic polynomials here introduced has some connections with the so-called moment representation of various families of multivariate polynomials. Such moment representation has been studied here for the first time in connection with the time-space harmonic property with respect to suitable symbolic multivariate Lévy processes. In particular, multivariate Hermite polynomials and their properties have been studied in connection with a symbolic version of the multivariate Brownian motion, while multivariate Bernoulli and Euler polynomials are represented as powers of multivariate polynomials which are time-space harmonic with respect to suitable multivariate Lévy processes.

L'a(rche)tipico Brian O'Nolan. Comico e riso dalla tradizione al post-

This study aims at analysing Brian O'Nolans literary production in the light of a reconsideration of the role played by his two most famous pseudonyms ,Flann Brien and Myles na Gopaleen, behind which he was active both as a novelist and as a journalist. We tried to establish a new kind of relationship between them and their empirical author following recent cultural and scientific surveys in the field of Humour Studies, Psychology, and Sociology: taking as a starting point the appreciation of the comic attitude in nature and in cultural history, we progressed through a short history of laughter and derision, followed by an overview on humour theories. After having established such a frame, we considered an integration of scientific studies in the field of laughter and humour as a base for our study scheme, in order to come to a definition of the comic author as a recognised, powerful and authoritative social figure who acts as a critic of conventions. The history of laughter and comic we briefly summarized, based on the one related by the French scholar Georges Minois in his work (Minois 2004), has been taken into account in the view that humorous attitude is one of man’s characteristic traits always present and witnessed throughout the ages, though subject in most cases to repression by cultural and political conservative power. This sort of Super-Ego notwithstanding, or perhaps because of that, comic impulse proved irreducible exactly in its influence on the current cultural debates. Basing mainly on Robert R. Provine’s (Provine 2001), Fabio Ceccarelli’s (Ceccarelli 1988), Arthur Koestler’s (Koestler 1975) and Peter L. Berger’s (Berger 1995) scientific essays on the actual occurrence of laughter and smile in complex social situations, we underlined the many evidences for how the use of comic, humour and wit (in a Freudian sense) could be best comprehended if seen as a common mind process designed for the improvement of knowledge, in which we traced a strict relation with the play-element the Dutch historian Huizinga highlighted in his famous essay, Homo Ludens (Huizinga 1955). We considered comic and humour/wit as different sides of the same coin, and showed how the demonstrations scientists provided on this particular subject are not conclusive, given that the mental processes could not still be irrefutably shown to be separated as regards graduations in comic expression and reception: in fact, different outputs in expressions might lead back to one and the same production process, following the general ‘Economy Rule’ of evolution; man is the only animal who lies, meaning with this that one feeling is not necessarily biuniquely associated with one and the same outward display, so human expressions are not validation proofs for feelings. Considering societies, we found that in nature they are all organized in more or less the same way, that is, in élites who govern over a community who, in turn, recognizes them as legitimate delegates for that task; we inferred from this the epistemological possibility for the existence of an added ruling figure alongside those political and religious: this figure being the comic, who is the person in charge of expressing true feelings towards given subjects of contention. Any community owns one, and his very peculiar status is validated by the fact that his place is within the community, living in it and speaking to it, but at the same time is outside it in the sense that his action focuses mainly on shedding light on ideas and objects placed out-side the boundaries of social convention: taboos, fears, sacred objects and finally culture are the favourite targets of the comic person’s arrow. This is the reason for the word a(rche)typical as applied to the comic figure in society: atypical in a sense, because unconventional and disrespectful of traditions, critical and never at ease with unblinkered respect of canons; archetypical, because the “village fool”, buffoon, jester or anyone in any kind of society who plays such roles, is an archetype in the Jungian sense, i.e. a personification of an irreducible side of human nature that everybody instinctively knows: a beginner of a tradition, the perfect type, what is most conventional of all and therefore the exact opposite of an atypical. There is an intrinsic necessity, we think, of such figures in societies, just like politicians and priests, who should play an elitist role in order to guide and rule not for their own benefit but for the good of the community. We are not naïve and do know that actual owners of power always tend to keep it indefinitely: the ‘social comic’ as a role of power has nonetheless the distinctive feature of being the only job whose tension is not towards stability. It has got in itself the rewarding permission of contradiction, for the very reason we exposed before that the comic must cast an eye both inside and outside society and his vision may be perforce not consistent, then it is satisfactory for the popularity that gives amongst readers and audience. Finally, the difference between governors, priests and comic figures is the seriousness of the first two (fundamentally monologic) and the merry contradiction of the third (essentially dialogic). MPs, mayors, bishops and pastors should always console, comfort and soothe popular mood in respect of the public convention; the comic has the opposite task of provoking, urging and irritating, accomplishing at the same time a sort of control of the soothing powers of society, keepers of the righteousness. In this view, the comic person assumes a paramount importance in the counterbalancing of power administration, whether in form of acting in public places or in written pieces which could circulate for private reading. At this point comes into question our Irish writer Brian O'Nolan(1911-1966), real name that stood behind the more famous masks of Flann O'Brien, novelist, author of At Swim-Two-Birds (1939), The Hard Life (1961), The Dalkey Archive (1964) and, posthumously, The Third Policeman (1967); and of Myles na Gopaleen, journalist, keeper for more than 25 years of the Cruiskeen Lawn column on The Irish Times (1940-1966), and author of the famous book-parody in Irish An Béal Bocht (1941), later translated in English as The Poor Mouth (1973). Brian O'Nolan, professional senior civil servant of the Republic, has never seen recognized his authorship in literary studies, since all of them concentrated on his alter egos Flann, Myles and some others he used for minor contributions. So far as we are concerned, we think this is the first study which places the real name in the title, this way acknowledging him an unity of intents that no-one before did. And this choice in titling is not a mere mark of distinction for the sake of it, but also a wilful sign of how his opus should now be reconsidered. In effect, the aim of this study is exactly that of demonstrating how the empirical author Brian O'Nolan was the real Deus in machina, the master of puppets who skilfully directed all of his identities in planned directions, so as to completely fulfil the role of the comic figure we explained before. Flann O'Brien and Myles na Gopaleen were personae and not persons, but the impression one gets from the critical studies on them is the exact opposite. Literary consideration, that came only after O'Nolans death, began with Anne Clissmann’s work, Flann O'Brien: A Critical Introduction to His Writings (Clissmann 1975), while the most recent book is Keith Donohue’s The Irish Anatomist: A Study of Flann O'Brien (Donohue 2002); passing through M.Keith Booker’s Flann O'Brien, Bakhtin and Menippean Satire (Booker 1995), Keith Hopper’s Flann O'Brien: A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Post-Modernist (Hopper 1995) and Monique Gallagher’s Flann O'Brien, Myles et les autres (Gallagher 1998). There have also been a couple of biographies, which incidentally somehow try to explain critical points his literary production, while many critical studies do the same on the opposite side, trying to found critical points of view on the author’s restless life and habits. At this stage, we attempted to merge into O'Nolan's corpus the journalistic articles he wrote, more than 4,200, for roughly two million words in the 26-year-old running of the column. To justify this, we appealed to several considerations about the figure O'Nolan used as writer: Myles na Gopaleen (later simplified in na Gopaleen), who was the equivalent of the street artist or storyteller, speaking to his imaginary public and trying to involve it in his stories, quarrels and debates of all kinds. First of all, he relied much on language for the reactions he would obtain, playing on, and with, words so as to ironically unmask untrue relationships between words and things. Secondly, he pushed to the limit the convention of addressing to spectators and listeners usually employed in live performing, stretching its role in the written discourse to come to a greater effect of involvement of readers. Lastly, he profited much from what we labelled his “specific weight”, i.e. the potential influence in society given by his recognised authority in determined matters, a position from which he could launch deeper attacks on conventional beliefs, so complying with the duty of a comic we hypothesised before: that of criticising society even in threat of losing the benefits the post guarantees. That seemingly masochistic tendency has its rationale. Every representative has many privileges on the assumption that he, or she, has great responsibilities in administrating. The higher those responsibilities are, the higher is the reward but also the severer is the punishment for the misfits done while in charge. But we all know that not everybody accepts the rules and many try to use their power for their personal benefit and do not want to undergo law’s penalties. The comic, showing in this case more civic sense than others, helped very much in this by the non-accessibility to the use of public force, finds in the role of the scapegoat the right accomplishment of his task, accepting the punishment when his breaking of the conventions is too stark to be forgiven. As Ceccarelli demonstrated, the role of the object of laughter (comic, ridicule) has its very own positive side: there is freedom of expression for the person, and at the same time integration in the society, even though at low levels. Then the banishment of a ‘social’ comic can never get to total extirpation from society, revealing how the scope of the comic lies on an entirely fictional layer, bearing no relation with facts, nor real consequences in terms of physical health. Myles na Gopaleen, mastering these three characteristics we postulated in the highest way, can be considered an author worth noting; and the oeuvre he wrote, the whole collection of Cruiskeen Lawn articles, is rightfully a novel because respects the canons of it especially regarding the authorial figure and his relationship with the readers. In addition, his work can be studied even if we cannot conduct our research on the whole of it, this proceeding being justified exactly because of the resemblances to the real figure of the storyteller: its ‘chapters’ —the daily articles— had a format that even the distracted reader could follow, even one who did not read each and every article before. So we can critically consider also a good part of them, as collected in the seven volumes published so far, with the addition of some others outside the collections, because completeness in this case is not at all a guarantee of a better precision in the assessment; on the contrary: examination of the totality of articles might let us consider him as a person and not a persona. Once cleared these points, we proceeded further in considering tout court the works of Brian O'Nolan as the works of a unique author, rather than complicating the references with many names which are none other than well-wrought sides of the same personality. By putting O'Nolan as the correct object of our research, empirical author of the works of the personae Flann O'Brien and Myles na Gopaleen, there comes out a clearer literary landscape: the comic author Brian O'Nolan, self-conscious of his paramount role in society as both a guide and a scourge, in a word as an a(rche)typical, intentionally chose to differentiate his personalities so as to create different perspectives in different fields of knowledge by using, in addition, different means of communication: novels and journalism. We finally compared the newly assessed author Brian O'Nolan with other great Irish comic writers in English, such as James Joyce (the one everybody named as the master in the field), Samuel Beckett, and Jonathan Swift. This comparison showed once more how O'Nolan is in no way inferior to these authors who, greatly celebrated by critics, have nonetheless failed to achieve that great public recognition O’Nolan received alias Myles, awarded by the daily audience he reached and influenced with his Cruiskeen Lawn column. For this reason, we believe him to be representative of the comic figure’s function as a social regulator and as a builder of solidarity, such as that Raymond Williams spoke of in his work (Williams 1982), with in mind the aim of building a ‘culture in common’. There is no way for a ‘culture in common’ to be acquired if we do not accept the fact that even the most functional society rests on conventions, and in a world more and more ‘connected’ we need someone to help everybody negotiate with different cultures and persons. The comic gives us a worldly perspective which is at the same time comfortable and distressing but in the end not harmful as the one furnished by politicians could be: he lets us peep into parallel worlds without moving too far from our armchair and, as a consequence, is the one who does his best for the improvement of our understanding of things.

Regolazione delle prestazioni indispensabili e poteri della Commissione di garanzia

La legge n. 146 del 1990 ha istituito la Commissione di garanzia per l’attuazione della legge sullo sciopero nei servizi pubblici essenziali, un’authority deputata al controllo dell’effettivo bilanciamento del diritto di sciopero con gli altri diritti della persona di rango costituzionale nel caso dei servizi pubblici essenziali. Ad essa spettano alcuni poteri tra di loro eterogenei. Accanto a poteri propulsivi e sanzionatori, essa possiede poteri di tipo normativo. La legge prevede, infatti, che le prestazioni indispensabili e le altre misure necessarie al contemperamento siano determinate da accordi tra il datore di lavoro e le associazioni sindacali, mentre per il lavoro autonomo da codici di autoregolamentazione forniti da ognuna delle categorie interessate. Gli accordi e i codici di autoregolamentazione devono essere, comunque, sottoposti al vaglio della Commissione di garanzia la quale in ultimo stabilisce se essi siano idonei a realizzare il bilanciamento dei diritti in questione. Quando i soggetti indicati dalla legge non provvedano alla redazione dei suddetti atti, la Commissione interviene con l’emanazione di una provvisoria regolamentazione, la quale possiede natura di regolamento, giacchè partecipa dei caratteri della generalità ed astrattezza propri delle norme di legge. In effetti, anche altre authorities possiedono un potere normativo, che si sostanzia alle volte in un regolamento indipendente, altre in un regolamento simile ai regolamenti delegati ed altre al regolamento esecutivo. Poiché la legge n. 146 del 1990 prevede quali siano gli istituti idonei a realizzare il bilanciamento (preavviso, proclamazione scritta, procedure di raffreddamento e conciliazione, intervallo minimo, misure indicative delle prestazioni indispensabili), la provvisoria regolamentazione possiede i caratteri del regolamento esecutivo.

L’iconografia dell’imperatore alato nel contesto della teologia politica bizantina

La presente ricerca di dottorato si propone di esaminare l’evoluzione della teologia politica bizantina e dei suoi riflessi nella propaganda imperiale nel periodo compreso tra il XIII e il XIV secolo, attraverso lo studio delle manifestazioni dell'ideologia nell'iconografia e nella numismatica del periodo in esame. L'intreccio interdisciplinare di questi ambiti di ricerca, iconografia e numismatica - con una metodologia innovativa, i cui risultati si profilano estremamente proficui - permette di comprendere i caratteri concreti, ma forse più reconditi, del realizzarsi dell'ideologia politica e della propaganda imperiale nell'impero bizantino ormai ridotto ad una costellazione di potentati particolari di estensione limitata. Il tema specifico di questo studio ha come oggetto alcune iconografie ritenute inedite, o meno tradizionali, nel panorama numismatico bizantino, emesse, in particolare, dalla zecca di Tessalonica tra XIII e XIV secolo, che vengono qui esaminate in funzione dell’evoluzione della rappresentazione imperiale. Tra di esse emerge l’inedita iconografia dell’imperatore pteroforo per la sua valenza di interscambiabilità semantica con l’immagine arcangelica. Lo studio si è proposto l’obiettivo principale di rintracciare elementi iconologici quanto più possibile comuni tra tutti i soggetti iconografici presi in esame, vagliando il substrato ideologico e propagandistico sotteso alla valenza iconologica per ogni tipologia numismatica.

Project Financing nelle Infrastrutture del Trasporto

L’elaborato ha avuto ad oggetto l’analisi delle sofisticate soluzioni normative proposte dall’ordinamento nazionale in relazione all’evoluzione della finanza di progetto. In particolare, è stata condotto un dettagliato studio delle fasi che compongono il project financing, nonché dei soggetti che, a diverso titolo e ragione, vi partecipano. L’elaborato contiene, poi, recenti esempi concreti di project financing nelle infrastrutture primarie (autostrade) tra cui il progetto di costruzione e la successiva gestione dell’autostrada regionale Medio Padana veneta, dell’autostrada regionale Cispadana, e dell’autostrada “Nogara-mare”. L’ultimo parte della tesi è stata infine incentrata sull’analisi delle più recenti pronunce giurisprudenziali in materia di project financing. In particolare, si ha avuto modo di analizzare il fenomeno dello jus poenitendi dell’amministrazione aggiudicatrice, nonché, più in generale gli eventi che possono negativamente incidere sulla finanza di progetto (mancata aggiudicazione, risoluzione del contratto di gestione, ecc.).

Il presidente del consiglio dei ministri nell'ordinamento vigente e nelle prospettive di riforma

“Il Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri nell'ordinamento vigente e nelle proposte di riforma”. La tesi si propone di ricostruire i caratteri propri della figura giuridica del Presidente del Consiglio nell’ordinamento vigente, sino alla analisi delle più recenti proposte di riforma costituzionale in tema. La dimensione analitico-sistematica proposta è stata sviluppata in riferimento alle concrete dinamiche economiche, politiche ed istituzionali, in relazione alle quali si è inteso verificare il tipo di rapporto tra esigenze di stabilizzazione del ciclo economico ed esigenze di stabilizzazione degli esecutivi, dando il dovuto rilievo al processo di integrazione della Unione Europea, come “motore” delle istanze di riforma del sistema economico ed istituzionale. Nel primo capitolo, si sono esplicitate le chiavi metodologiche secondo le quali si è inteso sviluppare il percorso di ricerca. Nel secondo capitolo si è operata una ricostruzione del quadro ordinamentale a base statutaria, come termine iniziale per poter cogliere al meglio la configurazione del ruolo poi assunta nell’ordinamento repubblicano; ciò come premessa necessaria ad una corretta ricostruzione diacronica, di tutti gli elementi rilevanti per poter comprendere la portata delle proposte attuali. Nel terzo capitolo, si è cercato di ricostruire il ruolo del presidente del consiglio, collocandolo nel quadro della dinamica attuazione/inattuazione dell’ordinamento repubblicano e alla luce dei caratteri del sistema politico, in modo da poter coniugare i tratti evolutivi imposti all’inquadramento della figura dalle dinamiche del sistema politico; così da poter conseguentemente cogliere gli elementi genetici di un dibattito politico istituzionale, che genera proposte di riforma organica, mediante l’analisi degli atti delle commissioni Parlamentari per le riforme. Nel quarto capitolo, a partire dalla apertura di una fase di c.d. “transizione”, si ricostruiscono le proposte specificamente finalizzate al riassetto del Presidente del Consiglio prodotte dalle commissioni parlamentari per le riforme, segnando le tappe di un percorso ancora aperto e dall’esito incerto.

I "governi del Presidente"

Gli avvenimenti politico-istituzionali degli ultimi anni hanno determinato un vivace dibattito sulla questione dei cc.dd. “governi del Presidente”, con cui si suole far riferimento ad Esecutivi il cui procedimento di formazione e le cui crisi registrano un interventismo del Presidente della Repubblica superiore a quello richiesto e/o consentito dal dettato costituzionale. Obiettivo dell’elaborato è duplice: fornire un tentativo definitorio della categoria “governi del Presidente”, nonché valutare la compatibilità di questa con la forma di governo parlamentare, soprattutto in considerazione dei recenti sviluppi delle dinamiche politico-istituzionali italiane. Sulla base di questo presupposto, nel presente lavoro si procede a una ricostruzione dell’evoluzione della prassi e delle consuetudini costituzionali in merito all’esercizio dei poteri presidenziali nella gestione delle crisi di governo, con particolare riferimento al procedimento di formazione dell’Esecutivo. La tesi si presenta articolata in due parti, corrispondenti a due differenti periodi storici (cc.dd. Prima e Seconda Repubblica), organizzate per capitoli, relativi alle principali fasi di evoluzione del sistema politico attraversate nel corso della storia della Repubblica. Questa scelta si giustifica in ragione del fatto che il modus operandi del Presidente della Repubblica risulta fortemente condizionato dai mutamenti del contesto politico-istituzionale. Nei singoli paragrafi, dedicati ai presidenti, vengono trattati l’elezione del Presidente, le modalità di formazione dei governi nominati, nonché ulteriori temi la cui disamina è stata ritenuta opportuna allo scopo di fornire una contestualizzazione più adeguata dell’analisi svolta (utilizzo del potere di esternazione e di scioglimento delle Camere, gestione delle attività di politica interna e politica estera, principali avvenimenti dei periodi storici considerati, e così via).

The market manipulation regime in the European Union

Market manipulation is an illegal practice that enables a person can profit from practices that artificially raise or lower the prices of an instrument in the financial markets. Its prohibition is based on the 2003 Market Abuse Directive in the EU. The current market manipulation regime was broadly considered as a big success except for enforcement and supervisory inconsistencies in the Member States at the initial. A review of the market manipulation regime began at the end of 2007, which became quickly incorporated into the wider EU crisis-era reform program. A number of weaknesses of current regime have been identified, which include regulatory gaps caused by the development of trading venues and financial products, regulatory gaps concerning cross-border and cross-markets manipulation (particular commodity markets), legal uncertainty as a result of various implementation, and inefficient supervision and enforcement. On 12 June 2014, a new regulatory package of market abuse, Market Abuse Regulation and Directive on criminal sanctions for market abuse, has been adopted. And several changes will be made concerning the EU market manipulation regime. A wider scope of the regime and a new prohibition of attempted market manipulation will ensure the prevention of market manipulation at large. The AMPs will be subject to strict scrutiny of ESMA to reduce divergences in implementation. In order to enhance efficiency of supervision and enforcement, powers of national competent authorities will be strengthened, ESMA is imposed more power to settle disagreement between national regulators, and the administrative and criminal sanctioning regimes are both further harmonized. In addition, the protection of fundamental rights is stressed by the new market manipulation regime, and some measures are provided to guarantee its realization. Further, the success EU market manipulation regime could be of significant reference to China, helping China to refine its immature regime.

La identidad nacional de los Estados miembros en el Derecho de la Unión Europea

La identidad nacional es una categoría jurídica central del Derecho de la Unión que puede ser particularmente apta a los fines de articular un mejor encaje entre los ordenamientos jurídicos nacionales y el sistema jurídico europeo. Se enmarca en un debate clásico de la construcción europea relativo a cómo conciliar una integración cada vez más acentuada con el debido respeto a la diversidad estatal. Se caracteriza por tratarse de una figura jurídica sumamente controvertida, existiendo una rica y abierta discusión en relación a su sentido y a su alcance. Con la entrada en vigor del Tratado de Lisboa en el año 2009, la nueva redacción de la cláusula de identidad nacional ha suscitado un interés renovado tanto por parte de la doctrina como de la jurisprudencia nacional y europea gracias a su mayor elaboración y a la ampliación de las potestades de la jurisdicción supranacional. La presente tesis doctoral ofrece un análisis integral de esta norma desde una aproximación dialéctica, que comprende tanto la visión acuñada por el Tribunal de Justicia como la percepción que de la misma mantienen los Tribunales Constitucionales nacionales, en tanto que guardianes supremos del ordenamiento constitucionales interno. Cada uno de los cuales sostiene una visión no exactamente coincidente sobre la norma suprema y la autoridad judicial última en el complejo sistema constitucional común europeo. Se lleva a cabo un estudio desde una perspectiva histórica y actual, sustantiva y procesal, descriptiva y valorativa, así como una parte propositiva por medio de la cual se propone un modelo para la resolución de este tipo de conflictos en sede judicial.

Giurisdizione ordinaria civile e autorità amministrative indipendenti nel sistema integrato di tutela dei diritti

L’elaborato si propone di analizzare i principali punti di contatto, nell’ordinamento domestico, tra le funzioni esercitate dalla giurisdizione ordinaria civile e le attribuzioni delle Autorità amministrative indipendenti, nel tentativo di delineare un quadro sistematico dei rapporti. Nella prima parte dell’indagine, ci si sofferma sui variegati strumenti di risoluzione delle controversie coniati in seno alle Autorità indipendenti, cercando di sviluppare un’essenziale classificazione per categorie omogenee, al fine di vagliare la compatibilità dei diversi modelli con il dato costituzionale. Successivamente, si sposta l’indagine sulle interferenze emergenti con riferimento a quelle attività delle Authorities assimilabili all’applicazione della legge al caso concreto nel contesto del pubblic enforcement. Tra queste, spicca la delicata questione del valore dei provvedimenti delle Authorities nei (correlati) processi civili risarcitori, soprattutto a seguito dell’entrata in vigore dell’art. 7, d.lgs. 3/2017, che ha plasmato un inedito «vincolo» per il giudice ordinario all’accertamento dell’AGCM. Alla previsione normativa si associa la tendenza giurisprudenziale a riconoscere una particolare “attitudine probatoria” anche ai provvedimenti di altre Autorità indipendenti, pur in assenza di specifica previsione normativa. Nel corso della trattazione, più che limitarsi ad esprimere una preferenza tra le diverse soluzioni già proposte dalla dottrina, si cerca di gettare le basi per un’interpretazione autonoma e sistematica del fenomeno. Adottando un approccio quanto più possibile interdisciplinare, si cercano di coniugare i punti di approdo della teoria generale dell’accertamento giuridico con quelli, gius-pubblicistici, della categoria dell’accertamento amministrativo. Si passa, infine, a vagliare le condizioni affinché tale ipotetico modello unitario possa ritenersi compatibile con altri valori di rilievo costituzionale e non solo, utilizzando quale parametro di riferimento l’art. 6 Cedu, come interpretato dalla Corte di Strasburgo.