Congenital Nystagmus eye movements analysis and oculomotor system models evaluation

The term Congenital Nystagmus (Early Onset Nystagmus or Infantile Nystagmus Syndrome) refers to a pathology characterised by an involuntary movement of the eyes, which often seriously reduces a subject’s vision. Congenital Nystagmus (CN) is a specific kind of nystagmus within the wider classification of infantile nystagmus, which can be best recognized and classified by means of a combination of clinical investigations and motility analysis; in some cases, eye movement recording and analysis are indispensable for diagnosis. However, interpretation of eye movement recordings still lacks of complete reliability; hence new analysis techniques and precise identification of concise parameters directly related to visual acuity are necessary to further support physicians’ decisions. To this aim, an index computed from eye movement recordings and related to the visual acuity of a subject is proposed in this thesis. This estimator is based on two parameters: the time spent by a subject effectively viewing a target (foveation time - Tf) and the standard deviation of eye position (SDp). Moreover, since previous studies have shown that visual acuity largely depends on SDp, a data collection pilot study was also conducted with the purpose of specifically identifying eventual slow rhythmic component in the eye position and to characterise in more detail the SDp. The results are presented in this thesis. In addition, some oculomotor system models are reviewed and a new approach to those models, i.e. the recovery of periodic orbits of the oculomotor system in patients with CN, is tested on real patients data. In conclusion, the results obtained within this research consent to completely and reliably characterise the slow rhythmic component sometimes present in eye position recordings of CN subjects and to better classify the different kinds of CN waveforms. Those findings can successfully support the clinicians in therapy planning and treatment outcome evaluation.

Alle origini delle case di correzione. Indagine storico-educativa sulle pratiche di internamento in Italia e in Inghilterra

La presente tesi intende compiere un’indagine, dal punto di vista storico-educativo, sulla storia delle case di correzione. Nello specifico si è tentato di analizzare il “caso” del Discolato bolognese, operando un confronto con altre analoghe istituzioni, sorte in due città campione, come Roma e Milano, per quanto riguarda il contesto italiano, e con la situazione inglese, per quanto riguarda il contesto internazionale. Il focus della ricerca si è incentrato sul rapporto tra devianza e internamento, considerato secondo una declinazione pedagogica. A tal proposito si è cercato di far emergere le modalità educative, nonché i principi e le finalità che sottostavano agli interventi istituzionali, non solo soffermandosi su quanto i regolamenti e gli statuti prescrivevano all’interno delle strutture correzionali, ma analizzando la reclusione nella sua effettiva organizzazione quotidiana. Per quanto riguarda la situazione bolognese è stata analizzata un’ampissima documentazione, conservata presso l’Archivio storico Provinciale di Bologna, che ha permesso di svolgere un’analisi di tipo quantitativo su un totale di 1105 individui al fine di delineare le principali caratteristiche demografiche e sociali delle persone internate nel Discolato bolognese. L’interpretazione delle fonti ha permesso anche un’indagine qualitativa, nel tentativo di ricostruire le storie di vita dei singoli reclusi. Da questa ricerca emerge un’immagine complessa delle case di correzione. Nel corso dei secoli, in modo particolare nelle diverse realtà prese in esame, esse hanno assunto caratteristiche e peculiarità differenti. La loro inefficacia fu la motivazione principale che condusse alla definitiva chiusura, quando si fece via via sempre più evidente la difficoltà a tradurre in pratica ciò che regolamenti e statuti - a livello teorico - prescrivevano.

La disciplina della contumacia del convenuto nei processi civili dell'Unione Europea. Standard comuni e possibilità di armonizzazioni

The fundamental right to a fair trial depends largely on the service of proceedings on the defendant; it is very important that this communication act informs the defendant of the existence of proceedings against him so that he has the possibility to defend himself in sufficient time. The casuistry shows that difficulties considerably increase when this first service of process has to be effected abroad. Indeed, the most problematic foreign judgments are those issued in absentia of the defendant. The European legislator has paid special attention to the service of the claim and to the default of appearance of the defendant; it has laid down both rules governing the ways in which the service of proceedings must be effected and the procedural treatment of involuntary default, including remedies available for

Ship performance modelling for least-CO2 emission routes

Decarbonization of maritime transport requires immediate action. In the short term, ship weather routing can provide greenhouse gas emission reductions, even for existing ships and without retrofitting them. Weather routing is based on making optimal use of both envi- ronmental information and knowledge about vessel seakeeping and performance. Combining them at a state-of-the-art level and making use of path planning in realistic conditions can be challenging. To address these topics in an open-source framework, this thesis led to the development of a new module called bateau , and to its combination with the ship routing model VISIR. bateau includes both hull geometry and propulsion modelling for various vessel types. It has two objectives: to predict the sustained speed in a seaway and to estimate the CO2 emission rate during the voyage. Various semi-empirical approaches were used in bateau to predict the ship hydro- and aerodynamical resistance in both head and oblique seas. Assuming that the ship sails at a constant engine load, the involuntary speed loss due to waves was estimated. This thesis also attempted to clarify the role played by the actual representation of the sea state. In particular, the influence of the wave steepness parameter was assessed. For dealing with ships with a greater superstructure, the wind added resistance was also estimated. Numerical experiments via bateau were conducted for both a medium and a large-size container ships, a bulk-carrier, and a tanker. The simulations of optimal routes were carried out for a feeder containership during voyages in the North Indian Ocean and in the South China Sea. Least-CO2 routes were compared to the least-distance ones, assessing the relative CO2 savings. Analysis fields from the Copernicus Marine Service were used in the numerical experiments.