La représentation du pathétique masculin dans le roman sentimental européen: une réflexion sur l'imaginaire littéraire

Ce travail est une analyse de la représentation du pathétique masculin dans le roman dit sentimental dans la deuxième moitié du dix-huitième siècle en Europe, ou plutôt dans les littératures anglaise, française, allemande et italienne. La thèse soutenue est celle de la dérivation du pathétique romanesque de l’âge des Lumières des pratiques de prédication religieuse du siècle précédent et donc de la valeur normative du roman sentimental à ses débuts : celui-ci aurait relayé le rôle des manuels de conduite des siècles précédents et se serait posé comme un répertoire d’exempla comportementaux adaptés aux différentes situations de la vie. Nous avons suivi les évolutions historiques du genre à travers l’analyse thématique du motif des larmes masculines. Pour ce faire, nous avons examiné la complexe proxémique de représentation de l’émotion et la diégèse qui en résulte, qui peut être nuancée, selon une terminologie récente, en pathétique attendrissant, sentimental et spectaculaire. Cela a entraîne la prise en compte de diverses formes artistiques, de la peinture au théâtre. La méthodologie utilisé conjugue l’histoire des idées et l’étude des formes de l’imaginaire, le pathétique appartenant au domaine de la philosophie autant qu’à celui de la représentation artistique : le concept glisse au dix-huitième siècle du champ rhétorique et stylistique à une dimension esthétique et anthropologique. Le travail a donc été divisé en trois grandes parties qui analysent les trois dimensions anthropologiques fondamentales : l’imaginaire religieux et l’héritage des anciens, c’est–à-dire le rapport que l’époque établit avec la tradition culturelle qui la précède ; l’imaginaire amoureux, qui se concentre sur les rapports entre les deux sexes et sur la « féminisation » du héros romanesque sentimental ; l’imaginaire familial, qui aborde les conséquences de ce changement dans la représentation de la masculinité au sein de la représentation de la famille et des rapports intergénérationnels.

Eduardo Zamacois: attività editoriale e opera letteraria

Eduardo Zamacois (Pinar del Río, 1873- Buenos Aires, 1971) was a main actor of the spanish’s literature and edition movement from the first third of the 20th century. He was the founder of magazines that had a big impact like “Germinal”, introductive of the sicalipsis (“La Vida Galante”) or so innovative that deserved an special chapter in the history of literature (“El Cuento Semanal” e “Los Contemporáneos”). With this work, it is intended to recreate the most significant stages from his autobiography adventure including the new information that offers his non before published letters exchange with his last sentimental partner. As a writer, his work was very popular in his homeland, translated to the world and reissued in Ibero-America. His literature work is based in three different phases. He began with the use of gallant literature (with books like La enferma, Punto negro) and took an adventure with the pays of mystery and irony (El otro, El misterio de un hombre pequñito, La opinion ajena) to finally focused in a narrative style of a realistic kind, that includes social critique (Las raíces). His last published novel in Spain is a portrait of Madrid during its long siege by the nationalist troops (El asedio de Madrid), a profound tribute to the people’s heroism and a declaration of love to the capital, that was his place of residence for a long time. While his exile, that took him to Cuba, New York and Buenos Aires, he worked in the radio, the dubbing industry and in finishing his most detailed bibliography, Un hombre que se va, a valuable document of that time.

Adulthood with Turner Syndrome: Quality of life, psychosocial adjustment and clinical management in 70 Italian women

Abstract Background: Turner syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal abnormality (total or partial absence of one of the sexual chromosomes in some or all cells of the body), which affects approximately 1:2000 female. Principal characteristics are short stature and gonadal disgenesis. Clinical management consist of Growth Hormone (GH) treatment and oestrogen replacement therapy (HRT), to induce development of secondary characteristics and to avoid the sequelae of oestrogen deficiency. Aim of the study: To assess clinical management, quality of life (QoL) and general psychosocial adjustment of women with TS. Population: 70 adult Caucasian females with TS (mean age: 27.8, ± 7.6; range 18-48 y.). Setting: Specialist service for Rare Disease care, University Hospital. Methods: Subjects were required to fill in questionnaires collecting ASR, WHOQOL, and 8 open questions. Data were compared with those of the Italian population or to those collected in a comparison group (70 healthy females, mean age: 27.9, ±7.3, range 21-48 y.). Results: Women with TS are educated as well as the Italian Population, but they have a less successful professional life. They show good QoL in general, but they appeared less satisfied in social area. They had statistically higher scores than the comparison group for depression, anxiety and withdrawal. Are less involved in a love relationship. Diagnosis communication was mostly performed by doctors or parents, satisfaction was higher when information was given by parents. Main preoccupation about TS are infertility, feeling of being different and future health problem. Conclusions: Italian people with TS were generally well adapted and have a good QoL, but lived more often with parents and show impaired sentimental and sexual life. They have higher degree of psychological distress compared to a comparison group. Psychological intervention should firstly address parents in order to encourage an open communication on diagnosis issues and on sexual education.

La gestione delle cure oncologiche in Emilia-Romagna al tempo del COVID-19 tra lavoro invisibile e nuove pratiche di cura

L’insorgere della pandemia da COVID-19 ha comportato una pesante riorganizzazione delle strutture ospedaliere e lo stesso sistema delle cure oncologiche è stato ripensato cercando di garantire, da un lato, la sicurezza dei pazienti e del personale sanitario e, dall’altro, la continuità delle cure. Il progetto analizza l’impatto di questa riorganizzazione sulle traiettorie di malattia dei pazienti oncologici e sul lavoro di cura dei diversi attori coinvolti nella definizione di queste traiettorie. La ricerca, focalizzata sul contesto ospedaliero emiliano-romagnolo, si è svolta tramite la realizzazione di interviste qualitative a personale sanitario ospedaliero, associazioni di volontariato, pazienti e caregiver. La gestione del rischio Covid ha comportato un consistente impegno in termini di safety work da parte del personale sanitario. Inoltre, le limitazioni degli accessi agli ambienti ospedalieri, imposte come misure di sicurezza, hanno comportato l’esclusione di familiari e associazioni di volontariato dagli ospedali e, di conseguenza, una maggiore solitudine del paziente in tutte le fasi del percorso di cura. L’assistenza fornita da queste figure ricomprende una componente di “lavoro invisibile” che la situazione pandemica ha permesso di far emergere. Infatti, i familiari supportano indirettamente e informalmente il lavoro del personale sanitario all’interno dello stesso ambiente ospedaliero. I professionisti intervistati hanno riconosciuto il venir meno di questo supporto. La risposta del personale ospedaliero, e infermieristico in particolare, si è articolata in due direzioni al fine di sopperire a queste mancanze: da un lato, incrementando la componente di sentimental work, e quindi di supporto emotivo ai pazienti; dall’altro, attraverso buone pratiche orientate a rispondere ai bisogni dei pazienti, intesi non solo in senso biomedico, ma anche psicologico e relazionale. Possiamo quindi concludere che, sotto certi aspetti, la pandemia è stata contrastata con una maggiore umanizzazione delle cure oncologiche e una maggiore attenzione ai bisogni dei pazienti intesi nella loro interezza e complessità.