Enrico Prampolini tra arte e architettura. Teorie, progetti e Arte Polimaterica

Obiettivo principale della ricerca è quello di aggiungere un tassello mancante, attraverso una nuova chiave di lettura, alla complessa attività artistico-teorica dell’artista futurista Enrico Prampolini (1894-1956). Questa tesi, oltre a riordinare e raccogliere tutto ciò che riguarda l’architettura e il rapporto di quest’ultima con le arti nell'opera di Prampolini, coglie l’occasione per puntualizzarne aspetti ancora poco esplorati, grazie anche all'analisi inedita dei documenti originali dell'artista conservati presso il CRDAV del Museo d’arte contemporanea di Roma. Partendo dall'analisi dei rapporti dell’artista modenese con le avanguardie straniere, la ricerca prosegue con la presa in esame dei manifesti, degli scritti e degli articoli noti e inediti legati alla teoria architettonica nella produzione dell’artista modenese. Il nucleo centrale della ricerca è costituito dagli elementi inediti emersi presso l’Archivio Prampolini consistenti in relazioni di progetti architettonici per un Piano urbanistico del Centro Alberghiero di Castel Fusano (1938) e per due alberghi nel centro di Roma (1938-1939). La seconda parte della ricerca si concentra sull'analisi del rapporto tra arte e architettura nel Futurismo e sul fondamentale contributo dato in tal senso da Prampolini, in particolare attraverso la “plastica murale”, come completamento dell’architettura futurista e fascista e la concezione dell’Arte Polimaterica. Nell'ultima parte della ricerca si affronta infine l'analisi del rapporto tra arte e architettura gestito in ambito istituzionale in Italia tra le due guerre, con l’emanazione, nel 1942, della legge detta “del 2%”. Aspetto finora inedito delle vicende legate alla “legge del 2%” è l'emergere del ruolo centrale di Prampolini nel contribuire al dibattito che portò alla sua approvazione, e non secondariamente nella ricerca di migliori condizioni economiche e maggiori occasioni di lavoro per gli artisti. La figura di Enrico Prampolini emerge dunque, da questa ricerca, come un nodo fondamentale per comprendere alcuni degli aspetti ancora inesplorati della cultura artistico-architettonica italiana degli anni Venti-Quaranta.

An Analysis of Living Conditions in Rural Villages in China. A New Geography of the Country.

Analysts, politicians and international players from all over the world look at China as one of the most powerful countries on the international scenario, and as a country whose economic development can significantly impact on the economies of the rest of the world. However many aspects of this country have still to be investigated. First the still fundamental role played by Chinese rural areas for the general development of the country from a political, economic and social point of view. In particular, the way in which the rural areas have influenced the social stability of the whole country has been widely discussed due to their strict relationship with the urban areas where most people from the countryside emigrate searching for a job and a better life. In recent years many studies have mostly focused on the urbanization phenomenon with little interest in the living conditions in rural areas and in the deep changes which have occurred in some, mainly agricultural provinces. An analysis of the level of infrastructure is one of the main aspects which highlights the principal differences in terms of living conditions between rural and urban areas. In this thesis, I first carried out the analysis through the multivariate statistics approach (Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis) in order to define the new map of rural areas based on the analysis of living conditions. In the second part I elaborated an index (Living Conditions Index) through the Fuzzy Expert/Inference System. Finally I compared this index (LCI) to the results obtained from the cluster analysis drawing geographic maps. The data source is the second national agricultural census of China carried out in 2006. In particular, I analysed the data refer to villages but aggregated at province level.

Perceptual maps analysis for organic food consumers in China: a study on Shanghai consumers

Although in Europe and in the USA many studies focus on organic, little is known on the topic in China. This research provides an insight on Shanghai consumers’ perception of organic, aiming at understanding and representing in graphic form the network of mental associations that stems from the organic concept. To acquire, process and aggregate the individual networks it was used the “Brand concept mapping” methodology (Roedder et al., 2006), while the data analysis was carried out also using analytic procedures. The results achieved suggest that organic food is perceived as healthy, safe and costly. Although these attributes are pretty much consistent with the European perception, some relevant differences emerged. First, organic is not necessarily synonymous with natural product in China, also due to a poor translation of the term in the Chinese language that conveys the idea of a manufactured product. Secondly, the organic label has to deal with the competition with the green food label in terms of image and positioning on the market, since they are easily associated and often confused. “Environmental protection” also emerged as relevant association, while the ethical and social values were not mentioned. In conclusion, health care and security concerns are the factors that influence most the food consumption in China (many people are so concerned about food safety that they found it difficult to shop), and the associations “Safe”, “Pure and natural”, “without chemicals” and “healthy” have been identified as the best candidates for leveraging a sound image of organic food .

The abuse of intellectual property rights and regulations in China: a law and economic analysis

From the institutional point of view, the legal system of IPR (intellectual property right, hereafter, IPR) is one of incentive institutions of innovation and it plays very important role in the development of economy. According to the law, the owner of the IPR enjoy a kind of exclusive right to use his IP(intellectual property, hereafter, IP), in other words, he enjoys a kind of legal monopoly position in the market. How to well protect the IPR and at the same time to regulate the abuse of IPR is very interested topic in this knowledge-orientated market and it is the basic research question in this dissertation. In this paper, by way of comparing study and by way of law and economic analyses, and based on the Austrian Economics School’s theories, the writer claims that there is no any contradiction between the IPR and competition law. However, in this new economy (high-technology industries), there is really probability of the owner of IPR to abuse his dominant position. And with the characteristics of the new economy, such as, the high rates of innovation, “instant scalability”, network externality and lock-in effects, the IPR “will vest the dominant undertakings with the power not just to monopolize the market but to shift such power from one market to another, to create strong barriers to enter and, in so doing, granting the perpetuation of such dominance for quite a long time.”1 Therefore, in order to keep the order of market, to vitalize the competition and innovation, and to benefit the customer, in EU and US, it is common ways to apply the competition law to regulate the IPR abuse. In Austrian Economic School perspective, especially the Schumpeterian theories, the innovation/competition/monopoly and entrepreneurship are inter-correlated, therefore, we should apply the dynamic antitrust model based on the AES theories to analysis the relationship between the IPR and competition law. China is still a developing country with relative not so high ability of innovation. Therefore, at present, to protect the IPR and to make good use of the incentive mechanism of IPR legal system is the first important task for Chinese government to do. However, according to the investigation reports,2 based on their IPR advantage and capital advantage, some multinational companies really obtained the dominant or monopoly market position in some aspects of some industries, and there are some IPR abuses conducted by such multinational companies. And then, the Chinese government should be paying close attention to regulate any IPR abuse. However, how to effectively regulate the IPR abuse by way of competition law in Chinese situation, from the law and economic theories’ perspective, from the legislation perspective, and from the judicial practice perspective, there is a long way for China to go!