L’«educativo» in sanità: reti di complessità e orizzonti di possibilità

La tesi analizza il dialogo tra due prospettive disciplinari: pedagogia e scienze mediche aprendo ad una serie di riflessioni operative e metodologiche per lo sviluppo della competenza educativa in sanità. Si tratta di un lavoro di ricerca pedagogica articolata in due parti:una teoretica e una empirica. La prima parte pone l’attenzione in modo particolare all’epistemologia della cura sanitaria nella prospettiva della complessità e agli elementi che definiscono la competenza educativa degli operatori. La seconda parte presenta i dati di una indagine esplorativa realizzata tramite focus group che ha coinvolto medici, infermieri, ostetriche e fisioterapisti della provincia di Bologna e medici, infermieri e fisioterapisti del Canton Ticino, Svizzera per far emergere le esperienze, i vissuti e le opinioni legate alle azioni educative sanitarie

Identification and genetic diversity in phytoplasmas associated with diseases of cassava and other agronomic relevant crops in south-east Asia and Latin America

Identification and genetic diversity of phytoplasmas infecting tropical plant species, selected among those most agronomically relevant in South-east Asia and Latin America were studied. Correlation between evolutionary divergence of relevant phytoplasma strains and their geographic distribution by comparison on homologous genes of phytoplasma strains detected in the same or related plant species in other geographical areas worldwide was achieved. Molecular diversity was studied on genes coding ribosomal proteins, groEL, tuf and amp besides phytoplasma 16S rRNA. Selected samples infected by phytoplasmas belonging to diverse ribosomal groups were also studied by in silico RFLP followed by phylogenetic analyses. Moreover a partial genome annotation of a ‘Ca. P. brasiliense’ strain was done towards future application for epidemiological studies. Phytoplasma presence in cassava showing frog skin (CFSD) and witches’ broom (CWB) diseases in Costa Rica - Paraguay and in Vietnam – Thailand, respectively, was evaluated. In both cases, the diseases were associated with phytoplasmas related to aster yellows, apple proliferation and “stolbur” groups, while only phytoplasma related to X-disease group in CFSD, and to hibiscus witches’ broom, elm yellows and clover proliferation groups in CWB. Variability was found among strains belonging to the same ribosomal group but having different geographic origin and associated with different disease. Additionally, a dodder transmission assay to elucidate the role of phytoplasmas in CWB disease was carried out, and resulted in typical phytoplasma symptoms in periwinkle plants associated with the presence of aster yellows-related strains. Lethal wilt disease, a severe disease of oil palm in Colombia that is spreading throughout South America was also studied. Phytoplasmas were detected in symptomatic oil palm and identified as ‘Ca. P. asteris’, ribosomal subgroup 16SrI-B, and were distinguished from other aster yellows phytoplasmas used as reference strains; in particular, from an aster yellows strain infecting corn in the same country.