2 resultados para Blood proteins
em AMS Tesi di Dottorato - Alm@DL - Università di Bologna
Resumo:
Two lectins, called lanceolin and stenodactylin, were purified by affinity chromatography on CL Sepharose 6B from the caudices of the Passifloraceae Adenia lanceolata and Adenia stenodactyla, respectively. They are glycoproteins with Mw of 61,243 (lanceolin) and 63,131 daltons (stenodactylin), consisting of an enzymatic A chain linked to a larger B chain with lectin properties, with N-terminal amino acid sequences similar to that of volkensin, the toxic lectin from Adenia volkensii. These two lectins agglutinate red blood cells, inhibit protein synthesis in a cell-free system as well as in whole cells, and depurinate ribosomes and DNA, but not tRNA or poly(A). They are highly toxic to cells, in which they induce apoptosis and strongly inhibit protein synthesis, and to mice, with LD50s 8.16 mg/kg (lanceolin) and 2.76 mg/kg (stenodactylin) at 48 hours after administration. Thus, lanceolin and stenodactylin have all the properties of the toxic type 2 ribosomeinactivating proteins (RIPs). Further experiments were conducted in order to clarify the effects of these RIPs in cells. We investigated the cronological relationship between cytotoxic activity, indirectly evaluated as inhibition of protein synthesis, and loss of cell viability in NB100 cell line. The induction of apoptosis was assessed by determining caspases 3 and 7 levels, which increase 8-16 hours earlier than the beginning of protein synthesis inhibition. This suggest that the arrest of protein synthesis is not a central event in the pathway of cell poisoning by RIPs. The high toxicity and the induction of cell death only by apoptosis and not by necrosis in two muscular cell lines (TE671 and RD/18) suggest that lanceolin and stenodactylin may be potential candidates for experimental chemoablation in strabism and blepharospasm. These results show that lanceolin and stenodactylin are amongst the most potent toxins of plant origin.
Resumo:
Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) is the major cause of septicemia and meningococcal meningitis. During the course of infection, it must adapt to different host environments as a crucial factor for survival. Despite the severity of meningococcal sepsis, little is known about how Nm adapts to permit survival and growth in human blood. A previous time-course transcriptome analysis, using an ex vivo model of human whole blood infection, showed that Nm alters the expression of nearly 30% of ORFs of the genome: major dynamic changes were observed in the expression of transcriptional regulators, transport and binding proteins, energy metabolism, and surface-exposed virulence factors. Starting from these data, mutagenesis studies of a subset of up-regulated genes were performed and the mutants were tested for the ability to survive in human whole blood; Nm mutant strains lacking the genes encoding NMB1483, NalP, Mip, NspA, Fur, TbpB, and LctP were sensitive to killing by human blood. Then, the analysis was extended to the whole Nm transcriptome in human blood, using a customized 60-mer oligonucleotide tiling microarray. The application of specifically developed software combined with this new tiling array allowed the identification of different types of regulated transcripts: small intergenic RNAs, antisense RNAs, 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions and operons. The expression of these RNA molecules was confirmed by 5’-3’RACE protocol and specific RT-PCR. Here we describe the complete transcriptome of Nm during incubation in human blood; we were able to identify new proteins important for survival in human blood and also to identify additional roles of previously known virulence factors in aiding survival in blood. In addition the tiling array analysis demonstrated that Nm expresses a set of new transcripts, not previously identified, and suggests the presence of a circuit of regulatory RNA elements used by Nm to adapt to proliferate in human blood.