La Restless Legs Syndrome aumenta il rischio cardiovascolare e la mortalità a breve termine nei pazienti emodializzati

Abstract Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sensori-motor neurological disorder characterzed by paraesthesia, dysaesthesia and irresistibile urge to move the legs especially at night. Its prevalence is much higher among dialysis patients at 12 to 62% compared to 3 to 9% in the general population. In our study we investigated the association between RLS and cardiovascular events risk and laboratory parameters in End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients on dialysis. We studied 100 ESKD patients undergoing hemodialysis that were enrolled in an 18-months prospective observational study. The main outcomes were the association of RLS with new cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality. RLS affected 31% of the study population. It was associated with female gender, gradual reduction in residual dieresis, lower albumin (P=0.039) and inflammation, but not the dialysis parameters spKt/V and URR. During observation, 47% of patients experienced new cardiovascular events (64.5% with and 39.1% without RLS; P=0.019). Mortality was 20.0% in all patients, 32.3% in those with and 14.5% in patients without RLS (P=0.04). This study confirmed the high prevalence of RLS among dialysis patients and the associations between the severity of RLS and the risk of new cardiovascular events and higher short-term mortality. Abstract Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sensori-motor neurological disorder characterzed by paraesthesia, dysaesthesia and irresistibile urge to move the legs especially at night. Its prevalence is much higher among dialysis patients at 12 to 62% compared to 3 to 9% in the general population. In our study we investigated the association between RLS and cardiovascular events risk and laboratory parameters in End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients on dialysis. We studied 100 ESKD patients undergoing hemodialysis that were enrolled in an 18-months prospective observational study. The main outcomes were the association of RLS with new cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality. RLS affected 31% of the study population. It was associated with female gender, gradual reduction in residual dieresis, lower albumin (P=0.039) and inflammation, but not the dialysis parameters spKt/V and URR. During observation, 47% of patients experienced new cardiovascular events (64.5% with and 39.1% without RLS; P=0.019). Mortality was 20.0% in all patients, 32.3% in those with and 14.5% in patients without RLS (P=0.04). This study confirmed the high prevalence of RLS among dialysis patients and the associations between the severity of RLS and the risk of new cardiovascular events and higher short-term mortality.

Studio osservazionale sulle complicanze della fibrillazione atriale nell'area di Bologna.

Premesse: Gli eventi ischemici (EI) e le emorragie cerebrali (EIC) sono le più temute complicanze della fibrillazione atriale (FA) e della profilassi antitrombotica. Metodi: in 6 mesi sono stati valutati prospetticamente i pazienti ammessi in uno dei PS dell’area di Bologna con FA associata ad EI (ictus o embolia periferica) o ad EIC. Risultati: sono stati arruolati 178 pazienti (60 maschi, età mediana 85 anni) con EI. Il trattamento antitrombotico in corso era: a) antagonisti della vitamina K (AVK) in 31 (17.4%), INR all’ingresso: <2 in 16, in range (2.0-3.0) in 13, >3 in 2; b) aspirina (ASA) in 107 (60.1%); c) nessun trattamento in 40 (22.5%), soprattutto in FA di nuova insorgenza. Nei 20 pazienti (8 maschi; età mediana 82) con EIC il trattamento era: a)AVK in 13 (65%), INR in range in 11 pazienti, > 3 in 2, b) ASA in 6 (30%). La maggior parte degli EI (88%) ed EIC (95%) si sono verificati in pazienti con età > 70 anni. Abbiamo valutato l’incidenza annuale di eventi nei soggetti con età > 70 anni seguiti neo centri della terapia anticoagulante (TAO) e nei soggetti con FA stimata non seguiti nei centri TAO. L’incidenza annuale di EI è risultata 12% (95%CI 10.7-13.3) nei pazienti non seguiti nei centri TAO, 0.57% (95% CI 0.42-0.76) nei pazienti dei centri TAO ( RRA 11.4%, RRR 95%, p<0.0001). Per le EIC l’incidenza annuale è risultata 0.63% (95% CI 0.34-1.04) e 0.30% (95% CI 0.19-0.44) nei due gruppi ( RRA di 0.33%/anno, RRR del 52%/anno, p=0.040). Conclusioni: gli EI si sono verificati soprattutto in pazienti anziani in trattamento con ASA o senza trattamento. La metà dei pazienti in AVK avevano un INR sub terapeutico. L’approccio terapeutico negli anziani con FA deve prevedere un’ adeguata gestione della profilassi antitrombotica.