Il cinema in missione. La pratica cinematografica dei missionari italiani lungo il XX secolo tra apostolato e antropologia

The thesis reconstructs the cinema’s experience of Italian missionaries during the XX century in a historical-pragmatic key. Italian missionaries, who started producing movies around the Twenties, have used cinema as a helpful instrument for religious propaganda. They have considered the rules of the Catholic Church, the political and social context and the audience’s expectations. Each chapter (1-4) analyses the phenomenon inside the context constituted by the Italian colonial experiences, the relationship between Catholic Church and images during the Evangelization, the history of cinema and the history of missions. A specific chapter (chapter 5) is dedicated to the archives of missionary’s cinema and to the value to be assigned to this film production (in terms of social memory and archive’s memory). At the end of the first part, the thesis presents a proposal about the relationship between missionary’s cinema and visual anthropology. The second part of the thesis includes the film cards of the missionary’s movies preserved in Italy: 339 cards of Italian movies and 149 cards of foreign movies placed in different archives and bureaus.

Profilo molecolare dei linfomi post-trapianto

Fifty-two cases of monomorphic post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (M-PTLD), developed in patients undergone solid organ or bone marrow transplantation, were studied by the application of the tissue micro-array (TMA) technology. They included 50 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) and 2 Burkitt lymphomas (BL). In order to evaluate the immune-profile a large panel of antibodies was applied including several new markers (Cyclin D2, Cyclin D3, p27, PKC-β, FOXP-1 and Survivin) identified as negative prognostic factors in DLBCL of the immunocompetent patient. Out of 50 DLBCL, 23 cases (46%) had an Activated B Cell (ABC) phenotype, 8 (16%) a Germinal Centre B-cell (GCB) phenotype, and 11 (22%) an Unclassified (UC) phenotype. In 8 cases (16%) the subtype was not demonstrable due to sub-optimal preservation or loss of the tissue core. FISH analysis detected BCL2 gene amplification and MYC rearrangement. EBV was identified in 32 cases (64%) performing immunohistochemistry (LMP-1) and in situ hybridization (EBER). Clinical data and follow-up were available in all cases of malignant lymphomas but one. Thirty-two patients died for progression of disease or complications related to transplant (bleeding, bacterial infections, and multi-organ failure); 17 patients are actually alive and disease-free. M-PTLD are aggressive lymphomas characterized by very poor outcome. The neoplastic process is stimulated by a prolonged immunosuppressive status which is capable to induce alterations of the immune system and allow EBV reactivation in previously infected patients. Indeed EBV infection seems to be the most significant risk factor to predict the development of a PTLD while age, sex, site of involvement and type of transplant do not have significant correlation. Furthermore DLBCL arisen in a setting of immunodeficiency share phenotypic and molecular features with DLBCL of the immunocompetent patient. In particular, the former shows a high incidence of BCL2 gene amplification and this aberration typically correlates with “non-GCB” phenotype. Also M-PTLD do express prognostic markers (PKC-β, cyclin D2, FOXP-1, and Survivin): notably, in our study, PKC-β and FOXP-1 were frequently expressed and they were predictive of a shorter overall survival even in lymphomas recognized to have a good prognosis (GCB-type). Given the fact that such molecules are detectable at the time of the diagnosis, we postulate whether a “tailored” or more specific therapy might be applied in the management of the immune-compromised patient.

Classificazione su base molecolare dei tumori mammari della cagna mediante metodica immunoistochimica

Background. A new classification system of human breast tumours based on the immunohistochemical characterization has been applied to mammary tumours of the female dog with the aim to verify its association with invasion and grade, and prognostic aid in veterinary medicine. Methods. Forty-five canine mammary carcinomas with a two-year post-mastectomy follow-up were selected from our database, and the following antibodies were applied: anti-cytokeratines 14, 5/6, oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and ERB-B2. . The tumours were grouped for phenotype as: luminal-like (ER+ and/or PR+, CK14-, CK5/6-) type A (ERB-B2-), and B (ERB-B2+); basal-like (ER-, PR-, CK14+ and/or CK5/6+, ERB-B2-); ERB-B2 (ER-, PR-, CK14-, CK5/6-, ERB-B2+). Association with invasion, grade and histotypes were evaluated and Kaplan-Meier survival curves estimated, then compared by survival analysis. Results. Thirty-five cases with luminal pattern (ER+ and PR+) were subgrouped into 13 A type and 22 B type, if ERB-B2 positive or negative . Most luminal-like A and basal-like cases were grade 1 carcinomas, while the percentage of luminal B cases was higher in grade 2 and 3 (Pearson Chi-square P=0.009). No difference in the percentage of molecular subtypes was evidenced between simple and complex/mixed carcinomas (Pearson Chi-square P=0.47). No significant results were obtained by survival analysis, even if basal-like had a more favourable prognosis than luminal-like. Conclusion. The panel of antibodies identified only 3 groups (luminal-like A and B, and basal-like) in the dog. Even though canine mammary tumours may be a model of human breast cancer, the existence of the same types of carcinoma as in the woman need to be confirmed. Canine mammary carcinomas show high molecular heterogeneity, which would benefit from a classification based on molecular differences. However, by multivariate analysis, the molecular classification appears a variable with a dependent value if compared to invasion and grade that are independent, suggesting that, at present, caution should be used in the application of such a classification to the dog, in which invasion and grade supply the most important prognostic information.

La comunicazione della cooperazione allo sviluppo: gli Enti Pubblici. Analisi discorsive dei Siti Web

Our research takes place in the context of a discipline kwown as Communication for Development, sited inside the field of Communication for Social Change, characterized by the use of interpersonal ad mass communication theories and tools, applyied to international development cooperation. Our study aims at pointing out a change of paradigm in this field: our object is Public Administration’s communication, therefore, what we suggest is a shift from Communication for Development, to Development Communication. The object of our study, hence, becomes the discourse itself, in its double action of representation and construction of reality. In particular, we are interested in the discourse’s tribute to the creation of a collective immagination, wich is the perspective towards which we have oriented the analysis, through a structuralist semoitics-based methodology integrated with a socio-semiotic approach. Taking into consideartion the fact that in our contemporary society (that is to say a ‘Western’ and ‘First World’ society), the internet is a crucial public space for the mediation and the management of collective immagination, we chose the web sites of Public Bodies which are dedicated to International Cooperation has our analysis corpus. This, due to their symbolic and ideologic significance, as well as for the actual political responsibility we think these web sites should have. The result of our analysis allows us to suggest some discoursive strategies used in the web sites of Public Bodies. In these sites, there is a tendency to shift the discourses around international cooperation from the ideological axis - avoiding in so doing to explicit a political statement about the causes of injustices and un-balances which lead to the necessity of a support in development (i.e. avoiding to mention values such as social justice and democracy while acknowledging socio-economical institutions which contribute to foster underdevelopment on a global scale) -, to the ethical axis, hence referring to moral values concerning the private sphere (human solidarity and charity), which is delegated mainly to non governamental associations.

Analisi spaziale dei dati entomologici in ambiente GIS: prospettive di utilizzo nell'agricoltura di precisione

Scopo della ricerca è stato definire le dinamiche spazio-temporali degli insetti studiati mediante l’impiego di tecniche geostatistiche. La ricerca è stata condotta su due casi studio, il primo riguardante tre specie di Elateridi di elevata importanza economica su scala aziendale, il secondo inerente al monitoraggio di Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (diabrotica del mais) su scala regionale. Gli scopi specifici dei due casi studio sono stati: Caso studio 1 a) Monitorare l’entità della popolazione di Elateridi su scala aziendale mediante approccio geostatistico. b) Elaborazione di mappe di distribuzione spaziale interfacciabili all’ambiente GIS. c) Individuare i fattori predisponenti l’infestazione. d) Verificare la necessità dell’impiego di mezzi chimici per il controllo delle specie dannose. e) Proporre strategie alternative volte alla riduzione dell’impiego di trattamenti geodisinfestanti. Caso studio 2 a) Studiare la distribuzione spaziale su scala regionale la popolazione del fitofago D. virgifera virgifera. b) Applicare a livello regionale una griglia di monitoraggio efficace per studiarne la diffusione. c) Individuare le aree a rischio e studiare i fattori predisponenti l’infestazione e diffusione. d) Ottimizzare ed economizzare il piano di monitoraggio.

Analisi genetico-molecolare dei linfomi a cellule T periferiche

Molecular profiling of Peripheral T-cell lymphomas not otherwise specified Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors that the WHO classification basically subdivides into specified and not otherwise specified (NOS). In Western countries, they represent around 12% of all non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. In particular, PTCL/NOS is the commonest subtype, corresponding to about 60-70% of all T-cell lymphomas. However, it remains a complex entity showing great variety regarding either morphology, immunophenotype or clinical behavior. Specially, the molecular pathology of these tumors is still poorly known. In fact, many alteration were found, but no single genes were demonstrated to have a pathogenetic role. Recently, gene expression profiling (GEP) allowed the identification of PTCL/NOS-associated molecular signatures, leading to better understanding of their histogenesis, pathogenesis and prognostication. Interestingly, proliferation pathways are commonly altered in PTCLs, being highly proliferative cases characterized by poorer prognosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible role in PTCL/NOS pathogenesis of selected molecules, known to be relevant for proliferation control. In particular, we analyzed the cell cycle regulators PTEN and CDKN1B/p27, the NF-kB pathway, and the tyrosin kinase PDGFR. First, we found that PTEN and p27 seem to be regulated in PTCL/NOS as in normal T-lymphocytes, as to what expression and cellular localization are concerned, and do not present structural abnormalities in the vast majority of PTCL/NOS. Secondly, NF-kB pathway appeared to be variably activated in PTCL/NOS. In particular, according to NF-kB gene expression levels, the tumors could be divided into two clusters (C1 and C2). Specially, C1 corresponded to cases presenting with a global down-regulation of the entire pathway, while C2 showed over-expression of genes involved in TNF signaling. Notably, by immunohistochemistry, we showed that either the canonical or the alternative NK-kB pathway were activated in around 40% of cases. Finally, we found PGDFRA to be consistently over-expressed (at mRNA and protein level) and activated in almost all PTCLs/NOS. Noteworthy, when investigating possible causes for PDGFRA deregulation, we had evidences that PDGFR over-expression is due to the absence of miR-152, which appeared to be responsible for PDGFRA silencing in normal T-cells. Furthermore, we could demonstrate that its aberrant activation is sustained by an autocrine loop. Importantly, this is the first case, to the best of our knowledge, of hematological tumor in which tyrosin kinase aberrant activity is determined by deregulated miRNA expression and autocrine loop activation. Taken together, our results provide novel insight in PTCL/NOS pathogenesis by opening new intriguing scenarios for innovative therapeutic interventions.

Meccanismi di formazione dei tubi di lava

Two analytical models are proposed to describe two different mechanisms of lava tubes formation. A first model is introduced to describe the development of a solid crust in the central region of the channel, and the formation of a tube when crust widens until it reaches the leve\'es. The Newtonian assumption is considered and the steady state Navier- Stokes equation in a rectangular conduit is solved. A constant heat flux density assigned at the upper flow surface resumes the combined effects of two thermal processes: radiation and convection into the atmosphere. Advective terms are also included, by the introduction of velocity into the expression of temperature. Velocity is calculated as an average value over the channel width, so that lateral variations of temperature are neglected. As long as the upper flow surface cools, a solid layer develops, described as a plastic body, having a resistance to shear deformation. If the applied shear stress exceeds this resistance, crust breaks, otherwise, solid fragments present at the flow surface can weld together forming a continuous roof, as it happens in the sidewall flow regions. Variations of channel width, ground slope and effusion rate are analyzed, as parameters that strongly affect the shear stress values. Crust growing is favored when the channel widens, and tube formation is possible when the ground slope or the effusion rate reduce. A comparison of results is successfully made with data obtained from the analysis of pictures of actual flows. The second model describes the formation of a stable, well defined crust along both channel sides, their growing towards the center and their welding to form the tube roof. The fluid motion is described as in the model above. Thermal budget takes into account conduction into the atmosphere, and advection is included considering the velocity depending both on depth and channel width. The solidified crust has a non uniform thickness along the channel width. Stresses acting on the crust are calculated using the equations of the elastic thin plate, pinned at its ends. The model allows to calculate the distance where crust thickness is able to resist the drag of the underlying fluid and to sustain its weight by itself, and the level of the fluid can lower below the tube roof. Viscosity and thermal conductivity have been experimentally investigated through the use of a rotational viscosimeter. Analyzing samples coming from Mount Etna (2002) the following results have been obtained: the fluid is Newtonian and the thermal conductivity is constant in a range of temperature above the liquidus. For lower temperature, the fluid becomes non homogeneous, and the used experimental techniques are not able to detect any properties, because measurements are not reproducible.