Validazione in torrenti appenninici monitorati di un modello fisicamente basato per la stima del deflusso solido sospeso

Il modello afflussi-deflussi e di erosione Kineros2, fisicamente basato, distribuito e a scala di evento, è stato applicato a due bacini idrografici montani della provincia di Bologna (Italia) al fine di testare e valutare il suo funzionamento in ambiente appenninico. Dopo la parametrizzazione dei due bacini, Kineros2 è stato calibrato e validato utilizzando dati sperimentali di portata e di concentrazione dei solidi sospesi, collezionati alla chiusura dei bacini grazie alla presenza di due stazioni di monitoraggio idrotorbidimetrico. La modellazione ha consentito di valutare la capacità del modello di riprodurre correttamente le dinamiche idrologiche osservate, nonchè di trarre conclusioni sulle sue potenzialità e limitazioni.

Sviluppo e validazione di un modello di film fluido per simulazioni CFD di motori a combustione interna

A wall film model has been implemented in a customized version of KIVA code developed at University of Bologna. Under the hypothesis of `thin laminar ow' the model simulates the dynamics of a liquid wall film generated by impinging sprays. Particular care has been taken in numerical implementation of the model. The major phenomena taken into account in the present model are: wall film formation by impinging spray; body forces, such as gravity or acceleration of the wall; shear stress at the interface with the gas and no slip condition on the wall; momentum contribution and dynamic pressure generated by the tangential and normal component of the impinging drops; film evaporation by heat exchange with wall and surrounding gas. The model doesn't consider the effect of the wavy film motion and suppose that all the impinging droplets adhere to the film. The governing equations have been integrated in space by using a finite volume approach with a first order upwind differencing scheme and they have been integrated in time with a fully explicit method. The model is validated using two different test cases reproducing PFI gasoline and DI Diesel engine wall film conditions.

Innovazione organizzativa e istituzionale della pubblica amministrazione. Un approccio interpretativo e l'analisi di un dispositivo partecipativo nel settore della cultura

The thesis aims at inquiring into the issue of innovation and organizational and institutional change in the public administration with regard to the increasingly massive adoption of participatory devices and practices in various arenas of public policies. The field of reference regards transformations of the types of public actions and regulation systems, concerning governance. Together with the crisis of the public function and of the role played by the insitutions what is emerging are different levels of governement, both towards an over national and a local direction, and a plurality of social interlocutors, followed by a post-bureaucratic pattern of the public administration that is opening itself in the direction of environment and citizens. The public adminstration is no longer considered an inert object within the bureaucratic paradigm but as a series of communicative processes, choices, cultures and practices that actively builds itself and the environment it interacts with. Therefore, the output of the public administration isn’t the simple service being supplied but the relationship enacted with the citizen, relationship that becomes the constituent basis of adminstrative processes. The intention of thesis is to take into consideration the relation between innovation of the public administration and participatory experimentations and implementations regarded as exchanges in which citizens and the public administration hold talks and debates. The issue of the organizational change of the public administration as output and effect of inclusive deliberative practices has been analysed starting from an institutionalist approach, in other words examining the constituent features of institutions, “rediscovering” them with regard to their public nature, their ability to elaborate collective values and meanings, the social definition of problems and solutions. The participatory device employed by the Forlì city council that involved enterprises and cultural associations of the area in order to build a participatory Table, has been studied through a qualitative methodology (participant observation and semi-strutctured interviews). The analysis inquired into the public nature both of the participatory device and the administrative action itself as well as into elements pertaining the deliberative setting, the regulative reference framework and the actors which took part in the process.

Analisi critico-comparativa delle traduzioni italiane di Un amour de Swann di Marcel Proust

Affrontare l’analisi critica delle traduzioni italiane di Un amour de Swann di Marcel Proust implica necessariamente un attento esame dello stile esemplare di un autore, che ha modificato, in larga misura, la concezione del romanzo e della scrittura stessa; in secondo luogo significa considerare l’altrettanto complesso lavorio intellettuale rappresentato dalla traduzione, in qualità di atto critico fondamentale. Prenderemo in esame nel capitolo primo la genesi del TP, le sue specificità narratologiche e la ricezione critica francese e italiana, per comprendere appieno l’originalità di Proust rispetto al panorama letterario dell’epoca. Nella seconda parte del primo capitolo delineeremo un excursus lungo la storia di tutte le traduzioni italiane del romanzo, accordando particolare attenzione alla figura di ogni traduttore: Natalia Ginzburg (1946), Bruno Schacherl (1946), Armando Landini (1946), Oreste Del Buono (1965), Giovanni Raboni (1978), Maria Teresa Nessi Somaini (1981), Gianna Tornabuoni (1988), Eurialo De Michelis (1990) e il traduttore, rimasto anonimo, della casa editrice La Spiga Languages (1995). Nel secondo capitolo analizzeremo la peculiarità stilistica più nota dell’autore, la sintassi. I lunghi periodi complicati da un intreccio di subordinate e sciolti solo con il ricorso a vari nessi sintattici contribuiscono a rendere la sintassi proustiana una delle sfide maggiori in sede traduttiva. Nel capitolo successivo accorderemo attenzione all’eteroglossia enunciativa, espressa nei diversi idioletti del romanzo. In sede contrastiva affronteremo la questione della trasposizione dei niveaux de langue, per poter valutare le scelte intraprese dai traduttori in un ambito altamente complesso, a causa della diversità diafasica intrinseca dei due codici. All’interno del medesimo capitolo apriremo una parentesi sulla specificità di una traduzione, quella di Giacomo Debenedetti, effettuata seguendo una personale esegesi dello stile musicale e armonico di Proust. Riserveremo al capitolo quarto lo studio del linguaggio figurato, soffermandoci sull’analisi delle espressioni idiomatiche, che vengono impiegate frequentemente da alcuni personaggi. Rivolgeremo uno sguardo d’insieme alle strategie messe in atto dai traduttori, per cercare un equivalente idiomatico o per ricreare il medesimo impatto nel lettore, qualora vi siano casi di anisomorfismo. Analizzeremo nel quinto capitolo la terminologia della moda, confrontando il lessico impiegato nel TP con le soluzioni adottate nei TA, e aprendo, inevitabilmente, una parentesi sulla terminologia storica del settore. A compimento del lavoro presenteremo la nostra proposta traduttiva di un capitolo tratto dal saggio Proust et le style di Jean Milly, per mettere in luce, tramite la sua parola autorevole, la genialità e la complessità della scrittura proustiana e, conseguentemente, il compito ardimentoso e ammirevole che è stato richiesto ai traduttori italiani.

Costruzione di un Sistema Informativo Geografico Digitale per analisi ambientali

Questo lavoro ha come obiettivo l’utilizzo del Geographical Information System (GIS) per effettuare analisi di sicurezza, monitoraggio e valutazioni di impatto ambientale. Oggi, la totalità delle operazioni GIS possono essere svolte con software open source e in questa sedi si è scelto di utilizzare il GIS GRASS (Geographic Resources Analysis Support System) disponibile nei termini della GNU public license (GPL), mostrando l’usabilità e le notevoli potenzialità di tale software, nonché la qualità dei prodotti ottenibili, mai inferiori ai prodotti e agli strumenti messi a disposizione dai più radicati e diffusi programmi proprietari. Nel capitolo 4, vedremo l’applicazione all’analisi delle conseguenze di ipotetici incidenti, durante le operazioni di dismissione dell’impianto di processamento del combustibile nucleare, di Bosco Marengo (AL). Nel capitolo 5, vedremo applicazioni nel campo del monitoraggio della qualità dell’aria tramite analisi di immagini satellitari.

Identificazione di un QTL principale per resistenza a ruggine bruna sul cromosoma 7B di frumento duro

Leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina is a serious disease of durum wheat (Triticum durum) worldwide. However, genetic and molecular mapping studies aimed at characterizing leaf rust resistance genes in durum wheat have been only recently undertaken. The Italian durum wheat cv. Creso shows a high level of resistance to P. triticina that has been considered durable and that appears to be due to a combination of a single dominant gene and one or more additional factors conferring partial resistance. In this study, the genetic basis of leaf rust resistance carried by Creso was investigated using 176 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the cross between the cv. Colosseo (C, leaf rust resistance donor) and Lloyd (L, susceptible parent). Colosseo is a cv. directly related to Creso with the leaf rust resistance phenotype inherited from Creso, and was considered as resistance donor because of its better adaptation to local (Emilia Romagna, Italy) cultivation environment. RILs have been artificially inoculated with a mixture of 16 Italian P. triticina isolates that were characterized for virulence to seedlings of 22 common wheat cv. Thatcher isolines each carrying a different leaf rust resistance gene, and for molecular genotypes at 15 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci, in order to determine their specialization with regard to the host species. The characterization of the leaf rust isolates was conducted at the Cereal Disease Laboratory of the University of Minnesota (St. Paul, USA) (Chapter 2). A genetic linkage map was constructed using segregation data from the population of 176 RILs from the cross CL. A total of 662 loci, including 162 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 500 Diversity Arrays Technology markers (DArTs), were analyzed by means of the package EasyMap 0.1. The integrated SSR-DArT linkage map consisted of 554 loci (162 SSR and 392 DArT markers) grouped into 19 linkage blocks with an average marker density of 5.7 cM/marker. The final map spanned a total of 2022 cM, which correspond to a tetraploid genome (AABB) coverage of ca. 77% (Chapter 3). The RIL population was phenotyped for their resistance to leaf rust under artificial inoculation in 2006; the percentage of infected leaf area (LRS, leaf rust susceptibility) was evaluated at three stages through the disease developmental cycle and the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) was then calculated. The response at the seedling stage (infection type, IT) was also investigated. QTL analysis was carried out by means of the Composite Interval Mapping method based on a selection of markers from the CL map. A major QTL (QLr.ubo-7B.2) for leaf rust resistance controlling both the seedling and the adult plant response, was mapped on the distal region of chromosome arm 7BL (deletion bin 7BL10-0.78-1.00), in a gene-dense region known to carry several genes/QTLs for resistance to rusts and other major cereal fungal diseases in wheat and barley. QLr.ubo-7B.2 was identified within a supporting interval of ca. 5 cM tightly associated with three SSR markers (Xbarc340.2, Xgwm146 e Xgwm344.2), and showed an R2 and an LOD peak value for the AUDPC equal to 72.9% an 44.5, respectively. Three additional minor QTLs were also detected (QLr.ubo-7B.1 on chr. 7BS; QLr.ubo-2A on chr. 2AL and QLr.ubo-3A on chr. 3AS) (Chapter 4). The presence of the major QTL (QLr.ubo-7B.2) was validated by a linkage disequilibrium (LD)-based test using field data from two different plant materials: i) a set of 62 advanced lines from multiple crosses involving Creso and his directly related resistance derivates Colosseo and Plinio, and ii) a panel of 164 elite durum wheat accessions representative of the major durum breeding program of the Mediterranean basin. Lines and accessions were phenotyped for leaf rust resistance under artificial inoculation in two different field trials carried out at Argelato (BO, Italy) in 2006 and 2007; the durum elite accessions were also evaluated in two additional field experiments in Obregon (Messico; 2007 and 2008) and in a green-house experiment (seedling resistance) at the Cereal Disease Laboratory (St. Paul, USA, 2008). The molecular characterization involved 14 SSR markers mapping on the 7BL chromosome region found to harbour the major QTL. Association analysis was then performed with a mixed-linear-model approach. Results confirmed the presence of a major QTL for leaf rust resistance, both at adult plant and at seedling stage, located between markers Xbarc340.2, Xgwm146 and Xgwm344.2, in an interval that coincides with the supporting interval (LOD-2) of QLr.ubo-7B.2 as resulted from the RIL QTL analysis. (Chapter 5). The identification and mapping of the major QTL associated to the durable leaf rust resistance carried by Creso, together with the identification of the associated SSR markers, will enhance the selection efficiency in durum wheat breeding programs (MAS, Marker Assisted Selection) and will accelerate the release of cvs. with durable resistance through marker-assisted pyramiding of the tagged resistance genes/QTLs most effective against wheat fungal pathogens.

Chortheater. Genesi di un modello Tipologie corali nel Novecento

In the Nineties year in the German Studies’ area appears a new reflection around the theatrical chorus thank to the activity of theatrical personalities as Heiner Müller, Einar Schleef, Elfriede Jelinek or Christoph Marthaler. So Hans Thies Lehmann, in his compendium about the Postdramatic Theater (Hans-Thies Lehmann, Postdramatisches Theater, Verlag der Autoren, Frankfurt am Main 1999) advances the new category of the Chortheater (Chor Theatre) to explain e new form of drama and performative event; again in 1999 appear the important essay of Detlev Baur (Detlev Baur, Der Chor im Theater des 20. Jahrhunderts. Typologie des theatralen Mittels Chor, Niemeyer, Tübingen 1999), that gives an important device about this instrument but without giving the reasons of the its modifications in such different historical times. Then in 2004, Erika Fischer-Lichte, (Theatre, Sacrifice, Ritual. Exploring Forms of Political Theatre, Routledge, London-New York 2005), reflects about the connection between ritual and theatre in the 20th Century. Thank to this studies the search aim was to give a new story of the chorus as theatrical and performative tool, in his liminal essence in creating immersive or alienating theatrical relation with the audience and to give specific features to distinguish it from general categories such as choral theatre o ensemble theatre.

Sviluppo, implementazione e valutazione funzionale di un nuovo modello protesico di caviglia

Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is still not as satisfactory as total hip and total knee arthroplasty. For the TAA to be considered a valuable alternative to ankle arthrodesis, an effective range of ankle mobility must be recovered. The disappointing clinical results of the current generation of TAA are mostly related to poor understanding of the structures guiding ankle joint mobility. A new design (BOX Ankle) has been developed, uniquely able to restore physiologic ankle mobility and a natural relationship between the implanted components and the retained ligaments. For the first time the shapes of the tibial and talar components in the sagittal plane were designed to be compatible with the demonstrated ligament isometric rotation. This resulted in an unique motion at the replaced ankle where natural sliding as well as rolling motion occurs while at the same time full conformity is maintained between the three components throughout the flexion arc. According to prior research, the design features a spherical convex tibial component, a talar component with radius of curvature in the sagittal plane longer than that of the natural talus, and a fully conforming meniscal component. After computer-based modelling and preliminary observations in several trial implantation in specimens, 126 patients were implanted in the period July 2003 – December 2008. 75 patients with at least 6 months follow-up are here reported. Mean age was 62,6 years (range 22 – 80), mean follow-up 20,2 months. The AOFAS clinical score systems were used to assess patient outcome. Radiographs at maximal dorsiflexion and maximal plantar flexion confirmed the meniscalbearing component moves anteriorly during dorsiflexion and posteriorly during plantarflexion. Frontal and lateral radiographs in the patients, show good alignment of the components, and no signs of radiolucency or loosening. The mean AOFAS score was observed to go from 41 pre-op to 74,6 at 6 month follow-up, with further improvement at the following follow-up. These early results reveal satisfactory clinical scores, with good recovery of range of motion and reduction of pain. Radiographic assessment reveals good osteointegration. All these preliminary results confirm biomechanical studies and the validity of this novel ligamentcompatible prosthesis design. Surely it will be important to re-evaluate these patients later.

Testo e memoria tra semiotica e scienze cognitive: una situazione sperimentale intorno al ricordo di un film

The research project presented in this dissertation is about text and memory. The title of the work is "Text and memory between Semiotics and Cognitive Science: an experimental setting about remembering a movie". The object of the research is the relationship between texts or "textuality" - using a more general semiotic term - and memory. The goal is to analyze the link between those semiotic artifacts that a culture defines as autonomous meaningful objects - namely texts - and the cognitive performance of memory that allows to remember them. An active dialogue between Semiotics and Cognitive Science is the theoretical paradigm in which this research is set, the major intend is to establish a productive alignment between the "theory of text" developed in Semiotics and the "theory of memory" outlined in Cognitive Science. In particular the research is an attempt to study how human subjects remember and/or misremember a film, as a specific case study; in semiotics, films are “cinematographic texts”. The research is based on the production of a corpus of data gained through the qualitative method of interviewing. After an initial screening of a fulllength feature film each participant of the experiment has been interviewed twice, according to a pre-established set of questions. The first interview immediately after the screening: the subsequent, follow-up interview three months from screening. The purpose of this design is to elicit two types of recall from the participants. In order to conduce a comparative inquiry, three films have been used in the experimental setting. Each film has been watched by thirteen subjects, that have been interviewed twice. The corpus of data is then made by seventy-eight interviews. The present dissertation displays the results of the investigation of these interviews. It is divided into six main parts. Chapter one presents a theoretical framework about the two main issues: memory and text. The issue of the memory is introduced through many recherches drown up in the field of Cognitive Science and Neuroscience. It is developed, at the same time, a possible relationship with a semiotic approach. The theoretical debate about textuality, characterizing the field of Semiotics, is examined in the same chapter. Chapter two deals with methodology, showing the process of definition of the whole method used for production of the corpus of data. The interview is explored in detail: how it is born, what are the expected results, what are the main underlying hypothesis. In Chapter three the investigation of the answers given by the spectators starts. It is examined the phenomenon of the outstanding details of the process of remembering, trying to define them in a semiotic way. Moreover there is an investigation of the most remembered scenes in the movie. Chapter four considers how the spectators deal with the whole narrative. At the same time it is examined what they think about the global meaning of the film. Chapter five is about affects. It tries to define the role of emotions in the process of comprehension and remembering. Chapter six presents a study of how the spectators account for a single scene of the movie. The complete work offers a broad perspective about the semiotic issue of textuality, using both a semiotic competence and a cognitive one. At the same time it presents a new outlook on the issue of memory, opening several direction of research.

Contributo di un software di quantificazione del segnale contrastografico(SonoLiver®) nella diagnosi ecografica di Epatocarcinoma su Cirrosi.

Introduzione La diagnosi di HCC con le tecniche di immagine ed in particolare con CEUS su fegato cirrotico secondo le ultime linee guida prevede un comportamento contrastografico di ipervascolarizzazione nella fase arteriosa e wash-out nella fase tardiva. CEUS è ormai una metodica accettata per la diagnosi ma il wash out nella fase tardiva presenta notevoli difficoltà nel determinare il comportamento contrastografico in quanto valutato soggettivamente su display, infatti il giudizio di tale fase dipende molto dall’operatore e non è rarissimo che nascono discordanza tra operatori anche per piccole differenze. Recentemente è stato proposto un nuovo software(SonoLiver, Bracco, Italy) in grado di quantificare la perfusione delle lesione durante CEUS. Pertanto lo scopo di questo studio pilota è quello di valutare l’impatto di SonoLiver nel rilevare caratteristiche contrastografiche tipiche dell’HCC e valutare la riproducibilità tra due operatori. Pazienti e metodi: Sono stati presi in considerazione 20 noduli (di dimensioni tra 12-95 mm) con diagnosi di HCC in 20 pazienti con cirrosi . La CEUS è stata valutata dapprima ad occhio nudo su display e successivamente con le curve ottenute con DVP da parte di due operatori diversi in cieco, dopo un periodo di formazione adeguata. Sono state quindi analizzate le performance di ciascuna metodica sia in termini di variabilità tra i due operatori che la variabilità tra CEUS ad occhio nudo e CEUS con SonoLiver dello stesso operatore. Risultati:Operatore 1 ha rilevato ipervascolarizzazione in fase arteriosa in 17 su 20 pazienti con valutazione ad occhio nudo su schermo e su 19/20 con le curve ottenute con DVP (+10% sensibilità) mentre operatore 2 ha rilevato ipervascolarizzazione in fase arteriosa19/20 pazienti sia con valutazione ad occhio nudo che con le curve DVP. Nella fase tardiva il wash-out è stato rilevato in 7/20 ad occhio nudo e 10/20 pazienti con le curve DVP (sensibilità aumenta da 35% a 50%) mentre operatore 2 ha rilevato rispettivamente 8/20 e 11/20 (sensibilità aumenta da 40% a 55%). La riproducibilità tra i due operatori rimane invariata con la valutazione di Sonoliver sia nella fase arteriosa che nella fase tardiva. Conclusione:La quantificazione perfusionale con SonoLiver sembra essere uno strumento promettente nella diagnosi di HCC su fegato cirrotico, aumentando aspetti tipici contrastografici.