I collegia e le relazioni clientelari: studio sul patronato delle associazioni professionali nell'Occidente romano tra I e III sec. d.C.

L’obiettivo del presente elaborato è quello di analizzare il fenomeno del patronato delle associazioni professionali nell'Occidente romano nei primi tre secoli della nostra era. Per fare ciò è stato necessario indagare le fonti epigrafiche, le uniche in grado di fornirci notizie a riguardo. A tale scopo è stato approntato un catalogo di 214 iscrizioni. Il testo, composto da sei capitoli, presenta una struttura tripartita. La prima parte, costituita dai primi due capitoli, ha come scopo quello di fornire tutte le coordinate concettuali e pratiche per muoversi all’interno dell’analisi successiva. In particolare, il primo capitolo introduce il lettore alla definizione di patronatus e collegium, termini che costituiscono ovviamente i punti focali della mia ricerca. Nel secondo capitolo, invece, sono stati presentati i dati quantitativi emersi dall’analisi delle iscrizioni. I capitoli tre e quattro costituiscono la seconda parte dell’elaborato, dove ad essere trattati sono contesti specifici. Il capitolo terzo è consacrato allo studio del fenomeno a Sarmizegetusa e a Lugdunum. Il capitolo quarto è stato dedicato interamente ad Ostia, una città che, per quanto concerne il fenomeno associativo, non ha eguali nel resto dell’Impero. L’ultima sezione è formata dai capitoli quinto e sesto, dove, in luogo di un’analisi incentrata su contesti specifici, ho messo a fuoco degli aspetti che emergono trasversalmente dalla nostra documentazione. Nello specifico, il capitolo quinto si pone come obiettivo quello di delineare lo spazio di azione del patronato entro la comunità cittadina. L’ultimo capitolo, invece, si propone di indagare aspetti propri del legame di patronato che erano in grado di alimentare il rapporto.

The birth of a tragic hero(ine) On tragic excess in contemporary theatre

The idea of the tragic is unthinkable. It is precisely within the moment in which an ordinary human being, a heroine or a hero – incapable of scrutinizing fully their own position within the whole – is invited to respond, to accept or refuse it all, that the tragic unfolds, changing their life irremediably. What are the causes and the consequences of "god’s arrival", as in case of Dionysus who visits Pentheus’ home in Euripides’ "The Bacchae"? Through episodes in the stories of characters from Ancient Greek dramas – such as Oedipus, Antigone, Ajax, Io, through Dostoevsky’s or Kafka’s imagery, in Prince Myshkin’s, the Ridiculous Man’s or Gregor Samsa’s experiences, this doctoral research proposes to examine the aspects which compete in the creation of a tragic hero. Theatrical performances – such as Jan Fabre’s "Mount Olympus: To Glorify the Cult of Tragedy, a 24-Hour Performance", immersed in a cycle of life, death and re-birth; Oliver Frljić’s "Trilogija o hrvatskom fašizmu", in its careful analysis of the wounds of a heritage of war; and Cristian Ceresoli’s and Silvia Gallerano’s tragic testimony of an estranged, almost soulless body in "La Merda" – open up the dialogue on our contemporary idea of the tragic. This doctoral work chooses excess as its privileged channel through which to approach the concept of the tragic – by its nature elusive, hostile to any definition, strictly personal and, thus, visible only through one’s own lens. In an excess of pain, devotion, desire, rage, arrogance or beauty, opposites collide, time concentrates into a moment and the hero is invited to choose, to live or die, to transform.

Metamorphoses of Endymion and Selene: Dominance, Objectification, and Necrophilia

The aim of the research is to understand the transformations of the myth of Endymion and Selene from the Ancient World to the Contemporary Times with regard to the intersection of dominant femininity and objectified masculinity. The final goal is to show how these two macro-concepts have been represented according to a dialectical mechanism of cultural constants and variations of which the myth stands as a privileged plane of study. This connection will be explored in detail alongside with the eroticization of the sleeping and dead male body, to which its erotic agency is to be restored, by a woman who explicitly shows an erotic desire towards him. These two marginal desires are analysed from the point of view of the dialectic antagonistic to hegemony, and their expressive effects are examined in different media: literary, artistic, cinematographic. This relationship between the two lovers is marked by a significant presence of death that in the first part of the thesis is called female proto-necrophilia, while in the last part is named female necrophilia. The relationship that is in established between the two is a clear example of how anti-normative desires have undergone numerous attempts of neutralization and have increasingly become an expression of the medicalization of the uncanny. Female necrophilia is in fact the last step of a mythical romance that undermines the normative and hegemonic construction of ordinariness, but at the same time manifests its expressive and irrepressible power throughout the literature and arts of the Global North. To examine this in depth, the research is divided into five chapters.