La autoconfianza y el control del estrés en futbolistas: revisión de estudios

[ES] El análisis de las variables psicológicas posibilita comprender la relación existente entre el rendimiento deportivo y el deportista. En este estudio se incide sobre las variables autoconfianza y control del estrés en el futbolista. El objetivo es profundizar en los principales estudios científicos realizados en dichas variables. Se utiliza la revisión de fuentes primarias y secundarias como artículos, tesis doctorales y libros. El método utilizado es el análisis y revisión de la literatura.

Análisis de las caracterísicas psicológicas y la toma de decisiones en un grupo de nadadores

[ES] La presente investigación tiene el objetivo de analizar las características psicológicas relacionadas con el rendimiento deportivo y el estilo de toma de decisiones de 70 nadadores, relacionándolos en función del sexo, nivel deportivo y categoría deportiva. Utilizando el cuestionario Características Psicológicas relacionadas con el Rendimiento Deportivo (CPRD) (Gimeno, 1999) y el Cuestionario de Estilo de Toma Decisiones (CETD) (Ruiz, Graupera, y Sánchez, 2000).

Programa de entrenamiento en control de la activación, rendimiento y autoeficacia en golfistas infantiles: un estudio de caso

[ES] Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo comprobar mediante un estudio de caso el efecto de un programa de entrenamiento en control de activación mediante técnicas de respiración y biorretroinformación, sobre la autoeficacia y la efectividad del golpe del putt en cuatro golfistas entre 11 y 14 años.

Effects of recovery mode on performance, O2 uptake, and O2 deficit during high-intensity intermittent exercise

[EN] The aim of this study was to determine the influence of activity performed during the recovery period on the aerobic and anaerobic energy yield, as well as on performance, during high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIT). Ten physical education students participated in the study. First they underwent an incremental exercise test to assess their maximal power output (Wmax) and VO2max. On subsequent days they performed three different HITs. Each HIT consisted of four cycling bouts until exhaustion at 110% Wmax. Recovery periods of 5 min were allowed between bouts. HITs differed in the kind of activity performed during the recovery periods: pedaling at 20% VO2max (HITA), stretching exercises, or lying supine. Performance was 3-4% and aerobic energy yield was 6-8% (both p < 0.05) higher during the HITA than during the other two kinds of HIT. The greater contribution of aerobic metabolism to the energy yield during the high-intensity exercise bouts with active recovery was due to faster VO2 kinetics (p< 0.01) and a higher VO2peak during the exercise bouts preceded by active recovery (p < 0.05). In contrast, the anaerobic energy yield (oxygen deficit and peak blood lactate concentrations) was similar in all HITs. Therefore, this study shows that active recovery facilitates performance by increasing aerobic contribution to the whole energy yield turnover during high-intensity intermittent exercise.

Biogenic habitat structure provided by temperate macroalgae change along a latitudinal gradient in ocean climate

[EN] Global warming is affecting all major ecosystems, including temperate reefs where canopy-forming seaweeds provide biogenic habitat. In contrast to the rapidly growing recognition of how climate affects the performance and distribution of individuals and populations, relatively little is known about possible links between climate and biogenic habitat structure. We examined the relationship between several ocean temperature characteristics, expressed on time-scales of days, months and years, on habitat patch characteristics on 24 subtidal temperate reefs along a latitudinal gradient (Western Australia; ca 34 to 27º S). Significant climate related variation in habitat structure was observed, even though the landscape cover of kelp and fucalean canopies did not change across the climate gradient: monospecific patches of kelp became increasingly dominant in warmer climates, at the expense of mixed kelp-fucalean canopies. The decline in mixed canopies was associated with an increase in the abundance of Sargassum spp., replacing a more diverse canopy assemblage of Scytothalia doryocarpa and several other large fucoids. There were no observed differences in the proportion of open gaps or gap characteristics. These habitat changes were closely related to patterns in minimum temperatures and temperature thresholds (days > 20 °C), presumably because temperate algae require cool periods for successful reproduction and recruitment (even if the adults can survive warmer temperatures). Although the observed habitat variation may appear subtle, similar structural differences have been linked to a range of effects on canopy-associated organisms through the provision of habitat and ecosystem engineering. Consequently, our study suggests that the magnitude of projected temperature increase is likely to cause changes in habitat structure and thereby indirectly affect numerous habitat-dependent plants and animals