Air-Sea Interactions of Natural Long-Lived Greenhouse Gases (CO2, N2O, CH4)in a Changing Climate

[EN] Understanding and quantifying ocean-atmosphere exchanges of the long-lived greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) are important for understanding the global biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nitrogen in the context of ongoing global climate change. In this chapter we summarise our current state of knowledge regarding the oceanic distributions, formation and consumption pathways, and oceanic uptake and emissions of CO2, N2O and CH4, with a particular emphasis on the upper ocean. We specifically consider the role of the ocean in regulating the tropospheric content of these important radiative gases in a world in which their tropospheric content is rapidly increasing and estimate the impact of global change on their present and future oceanic uptake and/or emission. Finally, we evaluate the various uncertainties associated with the most commonly used methods for estimating uptake and emission and identify future research needs.

Multi-parameter observations from coastal waters to the deepest trenche: challenges studying the carbón system with optode technology

[EN]This presentation will give examples on how multi-parameter platforms have been used in a variety of applications ranging from shallow coastal on-line observatories down to measuring in the deepest Ocean trenches. Focus will be on projects in which optode technology (primarily for CO2 and O2) has served to study different aspects of the carbon system including primary production/consumption, air-sea exchange, leakage detection from underwater storage of CO2 and measurements from moving platforms like gliders and ferries. The performance of recently developed pH optodes will als