Meridional and zonal changes in water properties along the continental slope off central and northern Chile

[EN] The Humboldt-09 cruise covered a narrow meridional band along the Chilean continental slope (44?23º S). Here we use physical and biochemical data from a long meridional section (4000 km) and three short zonal sections (100 km) to describe the distribution of the different water masses found in this region. Six water masses were identified: Subantarctic Water (SAAW), Summer Subantarctic Water (SSAW), Subtropical Water (STW), Equatorial Subsurface Water (ESSW), Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), and Pacific Deep Water (PDW). For the first time, a novel set of source water mass properties (or water types) is introduced for SSAW, and nutrient and dissolved oxygen water types are proposed for all the water masses. Optimum multiparameter (OMP) analysis was used through an iterative process to obtain a sound definition of the water types that minimizes the residuals of the method. Both the classic OMP and the quasi-extended OMP models reproduced the data rather well. Finally, the spatial distribution of the different water masses was calculated with the quasi-extended OMP, which is not influenced by the respiration of organic matter. The distribution of the different water masses is presented over the meridional and zonal transects and in property-property diagrams. A smooth meridional transition from subantarctic to tropical and equatorial water masses is observed in this area. This transition takes place in surface, central, and intermediate waters over distances of the order of 1000 km. The meridional transition contrasts with the abrupt zonal changes found in the cross-slope direction, which are of comparable magnitude but over distances of the order of 100 km. Both AAIW and SAAW (fresh and well oxygenated) partially mix with the hypoxic ESSW and, therefore, play an important role in the ventilation of the southern part of the oxygen minimum zone.

Declive de los bosques de macroalgas en la costa Atlántica de la Península Ibérica por efecto del cambio climático

Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid

La pesca continental en Colombia: entre la diversidad y la pobreza

Doctor en Biología por la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canari. Es profesor titular del Departamento de Ciencias forestales de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Medellín).

Sociedades en transición durante la expansión y consolidación de las primeras comunidades agrícolas en el Mediterráneo occidental: el ejemplo del Levante de la península Ibérica

[ES]La neolitización ha sido entendida como un proceso de adopción de innovaciones tecnológicas y económicas por parte de grupos cazadores recolectores que, o bien traídas desde fuera a través de una difusión démica, o bien a través de redes de intercambio, acabaron por asimilarse. Sin embargo, no se ha considerado la neolitización desde la óptica de la entrada en contacto de dos tipos de formaciones socioeconómicas con diferente grado de organización y desarrollo. En este trabajo analizaremos y confrontaremos las variables que configuran los rasgos esenciales de ambas realidades sociales para, a través de un ejemplo concreto, analizar las posibles situaciones de contacto. [EN] The neolithisation has been understood as a process of adoption of technological and economic innovations by groups of hunter-gatherers that, brought from outside through a demic diffusion or through exchange networks, were finally assimilated. However, neolithisation has not been considered from the perspective of the of two types of socioeconomic formations with diverse level of organisation and development. In this paper, we analyse and compare the variables that shape the essential features of both social realities, in order to analyse posible contact situations through a concrete example.