Efforts to increase the participation of local communities in the conservation of the endangered loggerhead population of Cape Verde

[EN] The loggerhead population of Cape Verde is one of the most important in the world. Several islands from this archipelago capture nesting females for human consumption. This a widespread practice in the local population that can be killing more than 25% of nesting females every year. This activity is not relevant for the general economy of the country but can be important for some families.

Estudio genético de paternidad múltiple de la tortuga común Caretta caretta en el Archipiélago de Cabo Verde: aplicación a la ecología de la conservación.

[EN] Los análisis genéticos de las estrategias reproductivas (paternidad múltiple y almacenamiento de esperma) están abriendo una vía de investigación novedosa además de promover informaciones importantes para definir los criterios y las medidas de conservación de muchas especies de reptiles. La población de tortuga común, Caretta caretta del Archipiélago de Cabo Verde es una de las poblaciones nidificantes más grandes del Atlántico, pero que actualmente sufre la pesca selectiva de machos por parte de la comunidad local de Cabo Verde. En este estudio se pretende testar la hipótesis de que una disminución significativa en el número de machos podría afectar la eficacia biológica de las crías, disminuyendo la variabilidad genética de la población.

Evaluation of male breeding population inferred from paternity analyses in the Cape Verde islands

[EN] Because of the extensive migrations of marine turtles through the ocean, many aspects of their biology have been unknown for a long time. However, much information has been recently gained from genetic studies and population monitoring of female turtles at their nesting sites. In contrast, still very little is known on the genetic diversity, population structure and dispersal patterns of the male breeding population, mainly because of the difficulty of capturing and monitoring them at sea. The aim of this study is to assess the genetic patterns of the male breeding population of the loggerhead turtle, Caretta caretta, using a non invasive approach and compare them to the female breeding population.

Comportamiento del buceo en crías de tortuga boba (Caretta caretta) en cautiverio

[ES]Uno de los aspectos más desconocidos de la tortuga boba, y de las tortugas marinas en general, es el comportamiento del buceo. Debido a las largas distancias que recorre la especie lejos de la costa para alimentarse, este aspecto ha sido siempre difícil de estudiar.

Rate predation on the nesting of Caretta caretta because of Ocypode cursor in Calheta de Pau beach, Boa Vista Island (Cape Verde Rep.)

[EN] Located in the Cape Verde Archipelago is one of the most important nesting population of Caretta caretta, Boa Vista Island being the principal nesting area. This population has been subject of research since 1998.

Comparison of the hatching success between translocated nests and “in situ” nests according to the type of substrate and the floods due to the tide.

[EN] A new nesting colony of Caretta caretta has recently been discovered and described in Boavista (Cabo Verde, Western Africa, FIGURE 1). Although more data are needed, it represents one of the most important populations in the North Atlantic (Brongersma, 1982; ; Ross, 1995; López-Jurado & Andreu, 1998). A tagging and management campaign has been established in Boavista to study this nesting population since 1998.

Massive loggerhead nest predation by ghost crabs in Boavista Island (Cape Verde): implications of the absence of large predators.

[EN] The impact of nest predators on sea turtle hatching success is highly variable depending on predator abundance and also on interactions among different predators. Food web connectivity usually makes it difficult to understand predator-prey interactions and develop efficient conservation strategies. In the Cape Verde archipelago there is an important nesting area for loggerheads where ghost crabs are the only described nest predator. We have studied the impact of ghost crabs on loggerhead nests on this threatened population as well as the efficiency of several management practices to reduce this impact.

Productivity of females loggerhead from Cabo Verde Islands

[EN] The nesting colony of Caretta caretta has been recently described for the island of Boavista (Cabo Verde, 500 km off the coast of Senegal, Western Africa, FIGURE 1). Although more data is needed, it represents one of the most important populations in the North Atlantic (Brongersma, 1982; López-Jurado & Andreu, 1998; Ross, 1995). Since 1998, a tagging and management campaign was established in Boavista to study this nesting population. We present next data on reproductive biology of nesting females of Caretta caretta in Boavista during the year 2000 nesting season, in which we obtained twice as much than those tagged in 1998 and 1999 seasons; we also found some recaptures of females from preceding years, our first data on remigration interval.

The coast of Cape Verde hosts the third largest loggerhead nesting population in the world

[EN] Extensive sea turtle nesting monitoring has been conducted in several islands of the Archipelago of Cape Verde during the past years. The loggerhead turtle is the only species that nests in these islands though green and hawksbill turtle juveniles are very often found feeding around their coasts. Around 90% of loggerhead nests are deposited in the island of Boavista on approximately 50 km of white sandy beaches. This is one of the less populated islands with more inaccessible beaches, as all villages are far from the main nesting areas. Another 9% of nests are equally distributed among the islands of Sal, Maio and San Nicolau and the remaining 1% of nests are found among the other six major islands and several islets of the archipelago.

Natural colonization of loggerhead turtle eggs by the pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum

[EN] Sea turtle nests are exposed to different environmental risks that may affect their hatching success. Human exploitation, predation by wild or domestic animals, nest flooding or severe beach erosion or accession are common causes of egg mortality. However, there is very little information about the impact of microorganisms on turtle eggs. We analyzed loggerhead turtle eggs from Boavista Island (Republic of Cabo Verde) which were incubated under different environmental conditions in order to evaluate the presence and impact of fungus. We have isolated Fusarium oxysporum from dead and live eggs after three days of incubation.

Evidence from genetic and Lagrangian drifter data for transatlantic transport of small juvenile green turtles

[EN] Green turtle hatchlings disperse away from their natal location to spend an early pelagic stage in the ocean, followed by a neritic stage where small juveniles settle in coastal areas. Here, we combined genetic and Lagrangian drifter data to investigate the connectivity between natal and foraging locations; particularly focussing on the evidence for transatlantic transport. Our results supported the general hypothesis that turtles tend to select foraging areas ‘closest-to-home’.

The eastern Atlantic juveniles of loggerhead sea turtles: Where do they come from and how do they distribute?

[EN] After hatching, loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) enter in the sea and start the ocean phase of their lives, where juveniles inhabit pelagic feeding areas during 6-12 years. In the Atlantic Ocean, the central and the eastern feeding grounds harbor loggerhead juveniles from different nesting populations, constituting the designated mixed stocks. We studied the distribution of juveniles in the Eastern Atlantic comparing mtDNA sequences from canarian individuals with samples from Azores, Madeira and the Atlantic coast of Andalusia.

Conservation genetics of North Atlantic loggerhead sea turtles: analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA

[EN] Complex population structure has been described for the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta), revealing lower levels of population genetic structure in nuclear compared to mitochondrial DNA assays. This may result from mating during spatially overlapping breeding migrations, or male-biased dispersal as previously found for the green turtle (Chelonia mydas). To further investigate these multiple possibilities, we carried out a comparative analysis from twelve newly developed microsatellite loci and the mitochondrial DNA control region (~804 bp) in adult females of the Cape Verde Islands (n=158), and Georgia, USA (n=17).

¿Cuántas especies del género Gallotia había en la isla de El Hierro?

[ES] En la bibliografía reciente sobre los lacértidos de El Hierro se sugiere la coexistencia hasta tiempos relativamente recientes de tres especies en la isla: Gallotia caesaris, G. simonyi y G. goliath. Según esta bibliografía las diferencias específicas estarían basadas en la morfología dentaria, en el número de dientes, en el número de series de dientes en el pterigoides, en la morfología general del cráneo (estimada a partir de la longitud relativa de los procesos parietales) y en el tamaño de los individuos. El análisis comparativo de los numerosos restos subfósiles de lacértidos encontrados en El Hierro ha permitido concluir que si bien algunos de estos caracteres permiten distinguir a G. caesaris de otros lagartos de mayor tamaño, ninguno de ellos sirve para diferenciar a las otras dos especies propuestas.

Descripción de la distribución primitiva del lagarto gigante de El Hierro y de su regresión histórica

[ES] La distribución de 39 yacimientos paleontológicos y arqueológicos en los que se han encontrado restos de Gallotia simonyi en El Hierro muestra que su área primitiva de distribución estaba ligada a los ecosistemas xerófilos y termófilos de la isla. Lamentablemente, este paisaje ha sido fuertemente alterado por el hombre. La datación con 14C de restos procedentes de varios yacimientos ha puesto de manifiesto que en la zona llamada La Dehesa, en la que actualmente estos ecosistemas están bien conservados, todavía podían encontrarse lagartos gigantes en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, y que éstos podían ser muy longevos y alcanzar grandes tamaños.