6 resultados para Barn med funktionshinder
em Academic Archive On-line (Stockholm University
Resumo:
The aim of this thesis is to, based on teachers’ experiences, describe and analyse meanings of teachers’ leadership in general, and in relation to children in need of special support in particular. The study was carried out within the tradition of participatory-oriented research, a research circle. The dialogues in the circle were based on the participants’ questions, experiences, interests, and knowledge. The circle included a researcher and nine teachers from the following types of schools: preschool, preschool class, compulsory school, and compulsory school for pupils with learning disabilities. The study is based on an understanding of leadership as a relational practice. Leadership is practised in the interaction between teacher and child. Both parties exert influence over the practice of leadership. A central assumption in the study is that knowledge can develop through and in interactions between people, that knowledge and power are connected, and that knowledge and actions are intertwined. Another central assumption is that learning is a complex phenomenon. In the analysis of the research circle’s dialogues, the following meanings of teachers’ leadership emerge: to facilitate learning and discipline, and to promote different interests. The practice of leadership involves teachers handling complex situations in their interactions with ‘all’ children, i.e. children in need of special support and children without such needs. Leadership is practised between teachers and children, and the teachers have to consider the group of children as a collective in relation to the individual children. At the same time, the teachers have to consider their intentions versus what happens during the interactions. In addition, the teachers have to pay heed to the fact that their own actions and the children’s actions influence one another. Finally, the teachers have to consider the individual child’s ‘best interest’ in relation to the requirements of the policy documents. Furthermore, the results indicate that the practice of leadership is perceived as both unpredictable and, to some extent, predictable at the same time, which adds to the complexity of leadership. The teachers cannot know for sure what the children understand or if the children’s actions facilitate learning. However, the teachers can make certain assumptions about how to practice leadership in order to facilitate learning and discipline in children with different needs. The meanings of leadership were expressed in different ways in the circle’s dialogues; both as enabling and limiting in interactions with children in need of special support. One of the study’s conclusions is that leadership seems to be particularly complex in interactions with children in need of special support. The research circle’s dialogues served to promote a democratic knowledge process. The dialogues were characterised by respect for the participants’ different opinions; however, this does not mean that they were free from power structures.
Resumo:
Studien har syftet att undersöka hur barnen använder sig av byggmaterialet på en förskola samt hur det blir en del av barnens subjektskapande. Studien använder sig av feministisk poststrukturalism som teori, en annan del av teorin är begreppet diskurs där ”det kompetenta barnet” dyker upp i mina observationer. Genom observationer av en grupp barn i åldern tre till fyra år på en förskola under sammanlagt fem timmar har jag analyserat om det finns eller inte finns vissa skillnader mellan hur pojkar och flickor använder sig av byggmaterial. Det framkom ganska snabbt att det finns vissa skillnader mellan hur pojkar och flickor förhåller sig till byggmaterial samt hur de väljer att bygga med byggmaterial. Pedagogerna har en stor påverkan vad gäller hur barnen använder sig av material eftersom det är de som bestämmer vad som skall erbjudas barnen.
Resumo:
Studien syfte är att undersöka hur flickor och pojkar leker, på två förskolor, med inomhusleksaker och om det finns några skillnader mellan könen i leken som avspeglar, förmedlar och bildar förståelser för samhällets könsstereotypa normer kring vad som anses kvinnligt respektive manligt. För att ta reda på detta har observation med hjälp av fältanteckningar använts, med fokus på skillnader mellan flickornas och pojkarnas val av leksaker och sätt att leka. Resultatet visar på att det finns vissa skillnader mellan de flesta pojkarnas och flickornas val av leksaker på de observerade förskolorna, men att det framförallt är sättet att leka som visar på de största skillnaderna. Det har också framkommit att flickorna och pojkarna på förskolorna i observationerna, oftast valde samma typ av leksaker. Men i dessa fall har leksakerna varit typiskt ”pojkiga”, samtidigt som skillnaderna i sättet att leka fortfarande varit tydligt framträdande. Dessa skillnader har sedan diskuterats utifrån hur de kan få betydelse för flickornas och pojkarnas förståelse för könsroller, deras framtidsval och utveckling.
Resumo:
Vårt syfte är att få syn på hur förskollärare resonerar kring populärmusikens betydelse för barn gällande lärande och identitetsskapande. Vi har valt att utgå ifrån förskollärares perspektiv på fenomenet. Som metod valde vi att göra en kvalitativ studie där vi intervjuade förskollärare från olika slumpmässigt utvalda förskolor. Det insamlade materialet har vi analyserat med hjälp av ett sociokulturellt perspektiv. Studiens resultat visar på att förskollärarna anser att populärmusiken har en stor betydelse för barnet som lärande och identitetsskapande. Den spelar enligt förskollärarna en betydelsefull roll i skapandet av sociala möten i förskolan. Även populärmusikens möjligheter som pedagogiskt redskap lyftes fram i intervjuerna. Slutligen diskuterades populärmusiken som ett verktyg i arbetet med normer och värderingar i förskolan.
Resumo:
The aim of this thesis is to elucidate the tension between feminism and nationalism in Israel and to investigate the ways by which such discursive currents mark the identities of Israeli women. The specific field of investigation is Israeli theatre, and the identities examined are dramatic characters created by the Israeli playwright Miriam Kainy. Also examined is the character of the playwright herself. Theatre is being observed as a specific field of society in which the position of women can be clarified. What kind of women characters the Israeli theatre produces is therefore a leading question for this study. Feminist theories, focusing on gender aspects of power relations, together with the postcolonial perspective, which considers power relations by focusing on ethnicity and geopolitical aspects, provide the theoretical tools. The social constructionist viewpoint is used since it provides an appropriate understanding of important notions for the thesis, such as nation and identity, considering them as constructions created by discourse. The discourses focused upon are the national v. the feminist discourse and theatre is viewed as a discourse mediator, which is why the dramatic text is the object of the analysis. The specific method of analysis is inspired by Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis. The main part of the thesis consists of a discursive analysis of five women characters, constructed within a period of about five decades, namely between the 1950s and 1990s. Each one of these characters consists of an articulation which is considered representative of a specific time-relevant discursive struggle between the two discourses in question. One of the central assumptions of the thesis is that the Israeli national identity is thoroughly masculine. The identity problems it has been causing Israeli women since the time of the pioneers until today are clearly illuminated throughout the analysis. The conclusion emphasises that the subjectpositions being introduced by Israeli national discourse, namely the ways of being a New Jew, an Israeli, collide with those introduced by feminist discourse, i.e. ways of being an independent woman subject. Nevertheless, each and every character demonstrates creative ways of transforming the discourses by aiming at a hybrid formation.