Värdering av kriterier vid stora investeringar : En jämförelse mellan olika intressenters uppskattningar av kriterier

In what way does different stakeholders assess a decision and its consequences, and how do these assessments differ? When a company stands before a big decision, they need to consider aspects that are economic, ecologic and social. To make a good decision they need to consider the society and its different stakeholder groups. This study examined how different groups values and weights different criteria. The study has been done with the project Sundsvall logistics park as a case, with criteria related to that project. The goal of the study was to find a way to value and weight different criteria and then compare how the company and the stakeholders assesses these criteria. This has been done through interviews with relevant people that has got extra knowledge about the project Sundsvall logistics park, and through a survey that has been sent out to residents of Sundsvall. The informants and respondents got to assess values and weights to the criteria relative to an indirect alternative where the logistics park isn’t built. The data was then compiled using multi attribute utility theory as a tool to present the comparison. The result of the study suggests that the differences between the valuations and weightings of the criteria is partly due to an uncertainty in how the logistics park would affect the criteria, but that the biggest reason probably depends on what perspective the person is viewing the logistics park from. If the person is viewing the logistics park from an industrial perspective, the criteria related to industrial development is getting more important and is going to take up more room in the analysis. If the person is viewing the logistics park from an individual and social perspective, the criteria related to that is more important and takes up more room in the analysis.

Vad helhetssynen skulle betytt för tre kvinnor som varit sjukskrivna : Om att använda systemteori inom rehabilitering

Temat för denna uppsats var att undersöka ett systemteoretiskt arbetssätt i rehabilitering. I den här undersökningen har tre kvinnor som tidigare varit sjukskrivna av psykiska orsaker, intervjuats för att de skulle få ge sin syn på hur ett systemteoretiskt arbetssätt skulle kunna ha hjälpt dem i deras rehabilitering. Vidare vilken funktion deras sjukdom fyllt i deras system och för dom själva. Det fanns en tanke om att deras sjukdom var orsakad av många faktorer, vilket visade sig vara fallet. Urvalet var ett så kallat bekvämlighets urval. Metoden som använts var halvstrukturerade intervjuer med hjälp av en intervju guide. Tolkningen som användes var hermeneutisk. Arbetet begränsades genom att kvinnor som varit sjukskrivna valdes ut. Andra kriterier var att dom skulle ha familj som bodde hemma, minst tre barn och en sambo eller man, vidare att dom kom från små orter i Västernorrlands inland. Resultatet visar att de överlag var positivt inställda till ett systemteoretiskt synsätt, att de saknade att vissa instanser inom rehabilitering inte tog hänsyn till komplexitet i deras liv, och att de känner sig misstrodda av försäkringskassan. Sjukdomen fyllde för alla tre en funktion av signal på obalans i ett snedbelastat system. Vidare var de tre kvinnorna sjukare än vad omgivningen och dom själva trott. De saknade alla tre, från de rehabiliterande enheterna, en helhetssyn på dem och deras situation. Systemteorin kan verka ytterst komplicerad när man läser om cybernetiken till exempel. Men som behandlare behöver man inte lägga det på en komplicerad nivå. Det räcker att man i stora drag vet vad systemteorin handlar om och att man är medveten om vilken roll kommunikation och interaktion spelar, och vilken roll man hamnar i som behandlare i det psykosociala arbetet.

Effektiv lagerstyrning med AHP och tvådimensionell artikelklassificering : En fallstudie på Permobil AB, Timrå

Costs related to inventory are usually a significant amount of the company’s total assets. Despite this, companies in general don’t pay a lot of interest in it, even if the benefits from effective inventory are obvious when it comes to less tied up capital, increased customer satisfaction and better working environment. Permobil AB, Timrå is in an intense period when it comes to revenue and growth. The production unit is aiming for an increased output of 30 % in the next two years. To make this possible the company has to improve their way to distribute and handle material,The purpose of the study is to provide useful information and concrete proposals for action, so that the company can build a strategy for an effective and sustainable solution when it comes to inventory management. Alternative methods for making forecasts are suggested, in order to reach a more nuanced perception of different articles, and how they should be managed. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used in order to give specially selected persons the chance to decide criteria for how the article should be valued. The criteria they agreed about were annual volume value, lead time, frequency rate and purchase price. The other method that was proposed was a two-dimensional model where annual volume value and frequency was the criteria that specified in which class an article should be placed. Both methods resulted in significant changes in comparison to the current solution. For the spare part inventory different forecast methods were tested and compared with the current solution. It turned out that the current forecast method performed worse than both moving average and exponential smoothing with trend. The small sample of ten random articles is not big enough to reject the current solution, but still the result is a reason enough, for the company to control the quality of the forecasts.