Lageroptimering med hjälp av multikriterieanalys : En fallstudie hos KUBALs centrallager

This thesis deals with control of stock in an inventory, focusing on inventory placement. The purpose of this thesis is to reduce the transport distance within the main stock house while gathering inventory. This will be achieved by reconstructing the inventory placement in consideration with how frequently the inventories get picked and mass of the inventory. In particular, the literature and the data that is collected from the company´s business system have laid the foundation for the thesis. In general, interviews and observations also contributed to the data collection. To fulfill the aim and to produce arbitrary results, two issues have been developed regarding which attributes that should determine the position of the inventory in the stock house and how to obtain a more effective inventory structure? The authors have jointly produced a result of suggestions for future inventory placement in terms of picking frequency and weight. Initially a situation analysis was conducted to identify known problems with the inventory´s placement and storage systems. The problems that were identified were that the inventory placement has no consideration regarding picking frequency. To determine the most frequent picked inventory an ABC analysis was conducted. All of the inventories were spread out throughout the whole stock house. To take in account, the additional criterion, which was weight, a multi-criteria analysis was performed in combination with the ABC analysis. The results of the combined analysis provided that the basis for drawing up concepts for future inventory placement. The proposal includes optimized inventory placements in different zones of the most frequently picked inventory with weight as an additional criterion.

Regionala skillnader i ohälsotal : En analys av arbetslöshetens och demografins förklaringsvärde för ohälsotalet på kommunnivå

Sveriges höga sjukfrånvaro har satt fokus på frågan om vilka bakomliggande faktorer som påverkar individers sjukskrivning. De regionala skillnaderna i ohälsotalet är en faktor som det forskats mycket kring, främst på länsnivå. Föreliggande studie undersökte och jämförde ohälsotalet på kommunnivå. Studiens övergripande syfte var att analysera demografins och arbetslöshetens förklaringsvärde för ohälsotalet. Detta med utgångspunkt i det underliggande syftet, vilket innebar en presentation och jämförelse av ålders- och könsfördelningen, arbetslösheten och kommuninvånarnas nyttjandegrad av de ersättningsformer som ohälsotalet innehåller, mellan Alvesta och Kalix kommuner. De individer som ingick i studien var samtliga invånare i arbetsför ålder 16-64 år på riks, läns (Kronoberg och Norrbotten) och kommunnivå. Studien genomfördes med en kvantitativ metod som innebar en retrospektiv sammanställning och granskning av sekundärdata. Metodstrategin bestod i att granska forskning gällande Sveriges regionala skillnader i ohälsotal och dess förhållande till arbetsmarknaden och demografin för att sammanställa en forskningsbakgrund till det statistiska materialet. Resultatet visade att trots kommunernas stora skillnader i ohälsotal, Kalix hade år 2006 ca 13 fler ohälsodagar per försäkrad än Alvesta, så skiljde de sig inte nämnvärt åt när det gällde antal pågående sjukfall, det vill säga sjukfall ersatta med sjuk-, rehabiliterings och arbetsskadesjukpenning. Av detta drogs slutsatsen att det var i antal förtidspensionärer som kommunerna i huvudsak skiljer sig åt. När det gällde förklaringsvärdet för faktorerna; arbetslöshet och demografi visade undersökningen att ålders- och könsfördelningen i stort sett inte hade något förklaringsvärde för skillnaderna i ohälsotalet eftersom några betydande skillnader mellan kommunerna inte kunde påvisas. Däremot så visade resultatet att arbetsmarknadsläget i kommunerna eventuellt kan förklara en del av skillnaderna eftersom Kalix hade betydligt högre arbetslöshet än Alvesta.

Effektiviseringsmöjligheter avseende fyllnadsgrad : En jämförande analys mellan nuläge och optimerat resultat

The study aims to provide information on efficiency opportunities on SCA's northbound cassettes. It has been made by examining the capacity utilization rate on the northbound cassettes on SCA's vessels for a period of two weeks. The cargo loaded in the ports of Rotterdam and Sheerness consists of external cargo of varying shape. The cargo is shipped northbound to Holmsund and Sundsvall. Measurements have been made on the cargo to the final destinations Sundsvall, Holmsund and Finland. The measurements have been used in a mathematical optimization model created to optimize the loading of the cassettes. The model is based on placing boxes in a grid where the boxes that are placed representing the cargo and the grids representing the cassettes. The aim of the model is to reduce the number of cassettes and thereby increase the capacity utilization rate. The study resulted in an increase in capacity utilization rate for both area and volume to all destinations. The overall improvement for all cassettes examined resulted in an increase in the area capacity utilization rate by 9.02 percentage points and 5.72 percentage points for the volume capacity utilization rate. It also resulted in a decrease of 22 cassettes in total on the four voyages that were examined which indicate that there are opportunities to improve the capacity utilization rate. The study also shows that the model can be used as a basis for similar problems.

Problematiken med estimering i projekt inom agil systemutveckling : Analys och undersökning av agil systemutveckling hos SDC

In today’s society, IT-Companies often have a hard time estimating changed requirements. This leads to that the clients’ confidence is negatively affected and is one of the main reasons why this has to be improved. The goal with this study was to find out what the most common problems regarding this issue are in IT-companies that works with agile software development. By analyzing one IT-company through a SWOT- and pareto-analysis the most common problems have been ascertained. The SWOT analysis have been created through interviews with selected employees to get a better understanding of the problems that the IT-company is facing. Furthermore was the pareto-analysis based on a survey that was sent out to many different employees to prioritize the problems. The reason why the survey was sent to different employees was to get a more objective input. The study showed that there was many different problems that needed attention. The most important problems was that the communication towards the client regarding requirements needed to be improved, better communication internally between different departments needed to be established, a method to quickly adapt and estimate change in requirements needed to be implemented and finally a method regarding witch key employees whom need to attend the planning of the program backlog. These problems have then been studied through interviews with other IT-companies and through a literature study. The conclusions that where drawn was that the client needs to be involved and updated through the whole project. Constant monitoring and communication regarding changed requirements needs to be processed and mediated. High standards needs to be set early towards the client in order to obtain as clear an image of the requirements as possible. Many different parties need to attend to the planning process for the program backlog before the start of the project. The client needs to be aware of that changed requirements will arise and that this will lead to that the first estimation may not necessarily be absolute. As long as the client is held up to date as well as participant through the whole project and problems are detected and mediated early, change in requirements should not be a huge problem. This is after all the purpose of being agile.