Estudo da paisagem e o planejamento estratégico como bases da gestão da oferta hídrica no estado do Pará: discussão teórica e metodológica

Este artigo discute o gerenciamento da oferta hídrica, enfocando a gestão preventiva das águas e as ferramentas metodológicas necessárias à sua aplicação, neste caso o estudo da paisagem associado à análise prospectiva estratégica. Como área de enfoque optou-se pelo estado do Pará (bacia do rio Capim) drenado pelas principais regiões hidrográficas do país: a Amazônica e o Tocantins-Araguaia. O resultado da aplicação do método na bacia hidrográfica do rio Capim - PA mostrou que a definição de mecanismos de planejamento, voltados à gestão preventiva das águas, necessita de formas de modelamento apoiadas em processos que contemplem os diversos elementos da paisagem, seus indicadores de sensibilidade e atores envolvidos.

New strategies for planning and performance evaluation of wireless networks: case studies based on the cross-layer approach

The use of wireless local area networks, called WLANs, as well as the proliferation of the use of multimedia applications have grown rapidly in recent years. Some factors affect the quality of service (QoS) received by the user and interference is one of them. This work presents strategies for planning and performance evaluation through an empirical study of the QoS parameters of a voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) application in an interference network, as well as the relevance in the design of wireless networks to determine the coverage area of an access point, taking into account several parameters such as power, jitter, packet loss, delay, and PMOS. Another strategy is based on a hybrid approach that considers measuring and Bayesian inference applied to wireless networks, taking into consideration QoS parameters. The models take into account a cross layer vision of networks, correlating aspects of the physical environment, on the signal propagation (power or distance) with aspects of VoIP applications (e.g., jitter and packet loss). Case studies were carried out for two indoor environments and two outdoor environments, one of them displaying main characteristics of the Amazon region (e.g., densely arboreous environments). This last test bed was carried out in a real system because the Government of the State of Pará has a digital inclusion program called NAVEGAPARÁ.