Absorção do dióxido de carbono por resíduo de bauxita em torres de absorção

Um dos problemas ambientais mais discutidos atualmente no cenário mundial são o aquecimento global e suas implicações. Apesar de o efeito estufa ser um fenômeno natural, o aumento nas emissões de gases como o CO₂ proveniente do processo de combustão, pode favorecer o seu agravamento. Seguindo essa vertente, existe o interesse na realização de pesquisas para minimizar a liberação deste gás na atmosfera. Este trabalho, tem por finalidade estudar o processo de absorção do dióxido de carbono pela fase aquosa do resíduo de bauxita (soda e íons dissolvidos em solução) em torre de aspersão e em torre de selas randômicas (ambas em escala piloto), bem como verificar a alteração do pH nesse processo de absorção para ambas as torres. Avaliar a alteração do pH e a capacidade de absorção do CO₂ , considerando as seguintes variáveis: O tipo de torre de absorção, o uso do sobrenadante como meio absorvente e o uso da suspensão aquecida por resistências. Os resultados mostraram que a suspensão do resíduo de bauxita absorveu quantidade significativa de CO₂ , tanto na torre de aspersão quanto na torre de selas. A taxa de absorção média ficou em torno de 8,42% para a torre de aspersão e 9,34% para a torre de selas. A capacidade de carbonatação da suspensão à 27%-p ficou em torno de 33,3 Kg CO₂ por tonelada de resíduo e houve uma redução substancial da alcalinidade do resíduo através da reação com os efluentes gasosos, com uma diminuição média de 4,0 e 3,5 unidades de pH para a torre de selas e de aspersão respectivamente.

Nutrient intake and digestibility of the lipid residue of biodiesel from palm oil in sheep

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of lipid residue of biodiesel originated in the processing of palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) in the diet on the digestibility of feedlot lambs. Twenty-five crossbred male castrated lambs, weighing 20±1.61 kg, were distributed in randomized blocks with five treatments and five replications. The experimental period lasted 22 days; 15 for diet adaptation, 2 for the adaptation to the indicator LIPE (lignin from Eucalyptus grandis isolated, purified and enriched, UFMG, Minas Gerais) and 5 for fecal sampling. Diets were formulated with 64% concentrate based on corn and soybean meal, 31% Massai grass (Panicum maximum cv. Massai) hay and 5% lipid supplementation from increasing levels of substitution of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of palm oil for biodiesel oil from palm residue. The lambs were offered two meals a day, at 7h00 and 16h00. There was linear effect of inclusion of the residue from palm oil biodiesel on dry matter intake. There was no change in digestibility of nutrients except for ether extract. The use of biodiesel from palm oil residue up to 100% replacement for the lipid supplementation of sheep positively influences the consumption without altering the digestibility of nutrients.

Application of bauxite waste from amazon region in the heavy clay industry

In this work, a method was developed for the application of red mud, an alkaline leaching waste, from a bauxite processing plant located in northern Brazil (Amazon region) as starting material for heavy clay products. Samples were prepared by pressing blends of red mud and clay, which were then fired at temperatures from 900 ºC to 1190 ºC. Characterization was carried out by chemical analysis, differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the following ceramic properties were evaluated: water absorption, linear shrinkage and flexural strength. In order to evaluate the Na⁺ stability in the dense ceramic, leaching tests were also carried out on the specimens after sintering process. Results indicated that samples with 50 and 70 wt% of red mud are proper for being used in the production of ceramic bodies, due to its excellent properties, mainly high mechanical resistance and low water absorption, showing thus, an option to minimizing the environmental impacts caused by the aluminum industry.

Concretes with red mud coarse aggregates

Red mud (RM) is a mineral waste, residue of the Bayer process used to obtain alumina from bauxite. While the exploration of rolled pebble damages the environment and is much more controlled by the government, the huge RM disposal areas do not stop increasing and polluting soil, rivers and groundwater sources in Amazon. In this work, the material mixtures used to produce coarse aggregates presented up to 80% of RM, 30% of metakaolin and 30% of active silica as recycled waste. Several tests were carried out to determine the aggregates physical properties and to evaluate the mechanical performance of the concretes with the new aggregates, including hydraulic abrasion strength, and the results were compared to the reference ones, i.e. rolled pebble concretes. Additionally, the sintering process neutralizes any toxic substance as occur in some RM products like tiles and bricks, and these results have encouraged an industrial or semi-industrial production of RM aggregates for concretes.