The carreau-yasuda fluids: a skin friction equation for turbulent flow in pipes and kolmogorov dissipative scales

In this work the turbulent flow of the Non-Newtonian Carreau-Yasuda fluid will be studied. A skin friction equation for the turbulent flow of Carreau-Yasuda fluids will be derived assuming a logarithmic behavior of the turbulent mean velocity for the near wall flow out of the viscous sub layer. An alternative near wall characteristic length scale which takes into account the effects of the relaxation time will be introduced. The characteristic length will be obtained through the analysis of viscous region near the wall. The results compared with experimental data obtained with Tylose (methyl hydroxil cellulose) solutions showing good agreement. The relations between scales integral and dissipative obtained for length, time, velocity, kinetic energy, and vorticity will be derived for this type of fluid. When the power law index approach to unity the relations reduces to Newtonian case.

Generalized integral transform solution for hydrodynamically developing non-Newtonian flows in circular tubes

ABSTRACT: The Generalized Integral Transform Technique (GITT) is applied to the solution of the momentum equations in a hydrodynamically developing laminar flow of a non-Newtonian power-law fluid inside a circular duct. A primitive variables formulation is adopted in order to avoid the singularity of the auxiliary eigenvalue problem in terms of Bessel functions at the centerline of the duct when the GITT approach is applied. Results for the velocity field and friction factor-Reynolds number product are computed for different power-law indices, which are tabulated and graphically presented as functions of the dimensionless coordinates. Critical comparisons with previous results in the literature are also performed, in order to validate the numerical codes developed in the present work and to demonstrate the consistency of the final results.

Integral transform method for laminar heat transfer convection of herschel-bulkley fluids within concentric annular ducts

ABSTRACT: Related momentum and energy equations describing the heat and fluid flow of Herschel-Bulkley fluids within concentric annular ducts are analytically solved using the classical integral transform technique, which permits accurate determination of parameters of practical interest in engineering such as friction factors and Nusselt numbers for the duct length. In analyzing the problem, thermally developing flow is assumed and the duct walls are subjected to boundary conditions of first kind. Results are computed for the velocity and temperature fields as well as for the parameters cited above with different power-law indices, yield numbers and aspect ratios. Comparisons are also made with previous work available in the literature, providing direct validation of the results and showing that they are consistent.

Comportamento reológico de suco misto elaborado com frutas tropicais

Neste trabalho, foi determinado o comportamento reológico do suco misto obtido a partir de uma mistura de frutas tropicais, mediante um viscosímetro de cilindros concêntricos, no intervalo de temperatura de 10 ºC a 60 ºC. Os modelos Lei da Potência e Mizrahi-Berk foram ajustados aos dados experimentais. Os modelos mostraram-se adequados para descrever o comportamento reológico do suco misto, de acordo com os parâmetros estatísticos de ajuste. O produto apresentou índice de comportamento menor do que 1 (um), caracterizando a pseudoplasticidade do suco. Os índices de comportamento de consistência decresceram com o aumento da temperatura. O efeito da temperatura no comportamento reológico do suco foi descrito por uma equação análoga à de Arrhenius e discutida em termos de energia de ativação (E_a). Os valores de E_a variaram de 4,27 a 4, 66 kcal.gmol^-1, com o aumento da taxa de deformação.

Solidification thermal parameters and dendritic growth during the horizontal directional solidification of Al-7wt.%Si alloy

O principal objetivo desse trabalho é investigar a influência dos parâmetros térmicos velocidade de solidificação (V_L) e taxa de resfriamento (T_R), nos espaçamentos dendríticos primários (λ₁) da liga hipoeutética Al-7%Si, durante a solidificação direcional horizontal, em regime transiente. Os valores de λ₁ foram medidos ao longo do comprimento do lingote e correlacionados com esses parâmetros. A variação dos espaçamentos dendríticos estudados é expressa por meio de funções na forma de potência de V_Le T_Rdadas, respectivamente, por λ₁= 55(V_L)^-1.1e λ₁= 212 (T_R)^-0.55. Um estudo comparativo é realizado entre os resultados encontrados nesse trabalho e aqueles obtidos para a mesma liga quando solidificada direcionalmente nos sistemas verticais ascendente e descendente, sob as mesmas condições assumidas. Finalmente, os resultados experimentais obtidos são comparados com valores fornecidos por alguns modelos teóricos propostos na literatura para analisar espaçamentos dendríticos primários.