Avaliação comparativa da ultraestrutura e propriedades físicas do esmalte bovino, bubalino e humano

Este estudo teve como finalidade comparar a morfologia e propriedades físicas da estrutura do esmalte dos dentes bovinos, bubalinos e humanos. A análise deste tecido foi realizada por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura, composição mineral, microdureza e rugosidade superficial do esmalte em 41 incisivos bubalinos (Bos taurus indicus), 41 incisivos bovinos (Pelorovis antiques) e 30 incisivos permanentes de humanos. Os resultados mostraram que a ultraestrutura do esmalte revela uma significativa similaridade das espécies estudadas com a encontrada em amostras humanas. No esmalte bovino e bubalino os elementos químicos que apresentaram maior concentração foram: O, Ca e P, justamente os que formam os cristais de hidroxiapatita - Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂. Na microdureza Knoop não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as três espécies. Porém, a rugosidade superficial do esmalte bubalino (2,16µm ±0,23) foi significativamente maior quando comparada aos dentes humano (0,36µm ±0,05) e bovino (0,41µm ±0,07). Conclui-se que as características e propriedades do esmalte bovino e bubalino, por meio de análises e testes, apresentou uma morfologia semelhante à de humanos, arquitetura ultraestrutural similar, microdureza e composição mineral equivalente ao tecido dental humano, tornando-se modelos de referência para pesquisas.

Conventional cytogenetic characterization of a new cell line, ACP01, established from a primary human gastric tumor

Gastric cancer is the second most frequent type of neoplasia and also the second most important cause of death in the world. Virtually all the established cell lines of gastric neoplasia were developed in Asian countries, and western countries have contributed very little to this area. In the present study we describe the establishment of the cell line ACP01 and characterize it cytogenetically by means of in vitro immortalization. Cells were transformed from an intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma (T4N2M0) originating from a 48-year-old male patient.This is the first gastric denocarcinoma cell line established in Brazil. The most powerful application of the cell line ACP01 is in the assessment of cytotoxicity. Solid tumor cell lines from different origins have been treated with several conventional and investigational anticancer drugs. The ACP01 cell line is triploid, grows as a single, non-organized layer, similar to fibroblasts, with focus formation,heterogeneous division, and a cell cycle of approximately 40 h. Chromosome 8 trisomy, present in 60% of the cells, was the most frequent cytogenetic alteration. These data lead us to propose a multifactorial triggering of gastric cancer which evolves over multiple stages involving progressive genetic changes and clonal expansion.

Human aging and somatic point mutations in mtDNA: a comparative study of generational differences (grandparents and grandchildren)

The accumulation of somatic mutations in mtDNA is correlated with aging. In this work, we sought to identify somatic mutations in the HVS-1 region (D-loop) of mtDNA that might be associated with aging. For this, we compared 31 grandmothers (mean age: 63 ± 2.3 years) and their 62 grandchildren (mean age: 15 ± 4.1 years), the offspring of their daughters. Direct DNA sequencing showed that mutations absent in the grandchildren were detected in a presumably homoplasmic state in three grandmothers and in a heteroplasmic state in an additional 13 grandmothers; no mutations were detected in the remaining 15 grandmothers. However, cloning followed by DNA sequencing in 12 grandmothers confirmed homoplasia in only one of the three mutations previously considered to be homoplasmic and did not confirm heteroplasmy in three out of nine grandmothers found to be heteroplasmic by direct sequencing. Thus, of 12 grandmothers in whom mtDNA was analyzed by cloning, eight were heteroplasmic for mutations not detected in their grandchildren. In this study, the use of genetically related subjects allowed us to demonstrate the occurrence of age-related (> 60 years old) mutations (homoplasia and heteroplasmy). It is possible that both of these situations (homoplasia and heteroplasmy) were a long-term consequence of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation that can lead to the accumulation of mtDNA mutations throughout life.