Ultrastructural description of Ceratomyxa microlepis sp. nov. (Phylum Myxozoa): a parasite infecting the gall bladder of Hemiodus microlepis, a freshwater teleost from the Amazon River

A new ceratomyxid parasite was examined for taxonomic identification, upon being found infecting the gall bladder of Hemiodus microlepis (Teleostei: Hemiodontidae), a freshwater teleost collected from the Amazon River, Brazil. Light and transmission electron microscopy revealed elongated crescent-shaped spores constituted by two asymmetrical shell valves united along a straight sutural line, each possessing a lateral projection. The spores body measured 5.2 ± 0.4 µm (n = 25) in length and 35.5 ± 0.9 µm (n = 25) in total thickness. The lateral projections were asymmetric, one measuring 18.1 ± 0.5 µm (n = 25) in thickness and the other measuring 17.5 ± 0.5 µm (n = 25) in thickness. Two equal-sized subspherical polar capsules measuring 2.2 ± 0.3 µm in diameter were located at the same level, each possessing a polar filament with 5-6 coils. The sporoplasm was binucleate. Considering the morphometric data analyzed from the microscopic observations, as well as the host species and its geographical location, this paper describes a new myxosporean species, herein named Ceratomyxa microlepis sp. nov.; therefore representing the first description of a freshwater ceratomyxid from the South American region.

Light and electron microscopy of Myxobolus sciades n. sp. (Myxozoa), a parasite of the gills of the Brazilian fish Sciades herzbergii (Block, 1794) (Teleostei: Ariidae)

A myxosporean parasite in the gill lamellae of the freshwater teleost fish, Sciades herzbergii (Ariidae) (Block, 1794), from the Poti River (Northeast of Brazil) was described by light and electron microscopy studies. Polysporic histozoic cyst-like plasmodia containing several life-cycle stages, including mature spores, were observed. The spores were pyriform and uninucleate, measuring 9.15 ± 0.39 μm (n = 50) long, 4.36 ± 0.23 μm (n = 25) wide and 2.61 ± 0.31 μm (n = 25) thick. Elongated pyriform polar capsules (PC) were of equal size (4.44 ± 0.41 μm long and 1.41 ± 0.42 μm in diameter) and each contained a polar filament with 9-10 coils obliquely arranged in relation to the axis of PC. The PC wall was composed of two layers of different electron densities. Histological analysis revealed the close contact of the cyst-like plasmodia with the basal portion of the epithelial gill layer, which exhibited some alterations in the capillary vessels. Based on the morphological and ultrastructural differences, the similarity of the spore features to those of the genus Myxobolus and the specificity of this host to previously described species, we describe a new species named Myxobolus sciades n. sp. in this study.

Estudo morfológico de microparasitas em Aequidens plagiozonatus Kullander 1984 (Osteiththyes: Cichlidae)

O mercado de peixes ornamentais vem crescendo gradativamente nos últimos anos e com a crescente pressão exercida nos bancos naturais de recursos pesqueiros, busca-se alternativas para a continuidade da produção de pescado, seja através da aqüicultura ou da busca por novos recursos pouco ou até mesmo inexplorado, como e o caso do cara-pix8una, Aequidens plagiozonatus. A partir desse conhecimento é importante a realização de estudos que caracterizem o perfil parasitológico dessas espécies de peixes a fim de verificar e controlar a disseminação de parasitas que geram desequilíbrio nos ecossistemas aquáticos. Por isso, o objetivo deste estudo foi Descrever morfologicamente os microparasitas (microsporídios, mixosporídios e coccidios) encontrados em A. plagiozonatus provenientes do rio Peixe-Boi /PA, através do levantamento de ações parasitárias causadas por microparasitas (microsporídios, myxosporídios e coccidios) com ênfase na morfologia destes. Para isso, foram realizadas 5 coletas, totalizando 100 espécimes, sendo estes necropsiados e tendo seus órgãos analisados. Dos órgãos parasitados foram retirados fragmentos, fixados e processados para microscopia de luz. Foram calculados o Indice hepatossomático dos exemplares e a prevalência parasitaria para cada grupo de parasitas analisados, enfatizando os microparasitas. A partir das observações feitas foram encontrados os 3 filos parasitas: Myxozoa, Microsporidia e Apicomplexa. A prevalência dos microsporídios nos exemplares estudados foi de 100%, dos mixosporidios 18% e dos Apicomplexa de 45%. Nossos dados representam uma importante contribuição para o estudo ictiossanitário em A. plagiozonatus na região, uma vez que qualquer atividade que envolva a extração de recursos naturais deve ser gerenciada por meio de medidas de ordenamento e manejo, para permitir o equilíbrio dos ecossistemas, promovendo o uso sustentável de seus recursos e garantindo a preservação do sistema, a fim de que se possa evitar a propagação e transferência de doenças por meio de animais aquáticos.

Myxidium volitans sp. nov., a parasite of the gallbladder of the fish, Dactylopterus volitans (Teleostei: Triglidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic coast: morphology and pathology

Myxidium volitans sp. nov. (Myxozoa: Myxidiidae) parasitizing the hypertrophied green-brownish gallbladder of the teleost Dactylopterus volitans, collected in the Atlantic coast near Niterói, Brazil was described based on ultrastructural studies. The spores were fusiform, sometimes slightly crescent-shaped on average 21.7 ± 0.3 µm (mean ± standard deviation) (n = 50) long and 5.6 ± 0.4 µm (n = 30) wide. The spore wall was thin and smooth, comprising two equally-sized valves joined by a hardly visible sutural ridge. Spores containing two pyriform polar capsules (PC) (5.0 ± 0.4 × 2.3 ± 0.3 µm) (n = 30) are situated in each extremity of the spore. The PC wall was composed of hyaline layer (0.20-0.29 µm thick) and by a thin external granular layer. Each PC contains a polar filament (PF) with irregular arrangements that was projected from its apical region to the bases of PC and coiled laterally from bases to the tip of PC. Some regular striations and S-like structures in the periphery of the PFs with four-five irregular sections were observed. Based on the spore morphology, ultrastructural differences and the specificity of the host we describe this parasite as a new myxosporidian, named M. volitans sp. nov.