Estruturas secretoras da lâmina foliar de amapá amargo (Parahancornia fasciculata, Apocynaceae): histoquímica e doseamento de flavonoides

Amapá amargo (Parahancornia fasciculata (Poir.) Benoist) produz um látex, que se presume ter propriedades medicinais, pois é usado no tratamento da malária, problemas pulmonares, gastrite, e como um agente de cura. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar estrutural e histoquimicamente os locais de produção e/ou acumúlo de compostos biologicamente ativos, bem como realizar o doseamento de flavonóides presentes no limbo do amapá amargo. Para a análise estrutural e histoquímica foram utilizados protocolos padrão em anatomia vegetal. Considerando que, para o doseamento de flavonóides utilizou-se a espectrometria de absorção na região ultravioleta-visível. O sistema secretor das folhas de amapá amargo é constituído de idioblastos secretores e laticíferos ramificados. Os testes histoquímicos revelaram diferentes tipos de substâncias químicas nos protoplastos celulares de idioblastos e laticíferos. Propriedades farmacológicas do látex de amapa amargo podem ser atribuídas à dois compostos químicos (flavonoides e alcaloides) encontrados neste estudo, ambos estão presentes em idioblastos e laticíferos.

Methylmercury intoxication and histochemical demonstration of NADPH-diaphorase activity in the striate cortex of adult cats

The effects of methylmercury (MeHg) on histochemical demonstration of the NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) activity in the striate cortex were studied in 4 adult cats. Two animals were used as control. The contaminated animals received 50 ml milk containing 0.42 µg MeHg and 100 g fish containing 0.03 µg MeHg daily for 2 months. The level of MeHg in area 17 of intoxicated animals was 3.2 µg/g wet weight brain tissue. Two cats were perfused 24 h after the last dose (group 1) and the other animals were perfused 6 months later (group 2). After microtomy, sections were processed for NADPHd histochemistry procedures using the malic enzyme method. Dendritic branch counts were performed from camera lucida drawings for control and intoxicated animals (N = 80). Average, standard deviation and Student t-test were calculated for each data group. The concentrations of mercury (Hg) in milk, fish and brain tissue were measured by acid digestion of samples, followed by reduction of total Hg in the digested sample to metallic Hg using stannous chloride followed by atomic fluorescence analysis. Only group 2 revealed a reduction of the neuropil enzyme activity and morphometric analysis showed a reduction in dendritic field area and in the number of distal dendrite branches of the NADPHd neurons in the white matter (P<0.05). These results suggest that NADPHd neurons in the white matter are more vulnerable to the long-term effects of MeHg than NADPHd neurons in the gray matter.