Síntese e caracterização de óxido hidróxido de manganês do tipo manganita (γ -MnOOH)

Óxido hidróxido de manganês (γ - MnOOH) do tipo da manganita foi sintetizado por uma rota simples, em que a chave precursora K-birnessita foi preparada pelo método sol-gel. O tratamento hidrotermal da estrutura lamelar do tipo da birnessita favorece a obtenção de estruturas em túnel, sendo que o tamanho destes túneis depende das condições empregadas na síntese (pH, temperatura e tempo). A comprovação da formação de manganita sob as condições de síntese empregadas foi verificada pelas técnicas de difração de raios X, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, análises termogravimétrica e térmica diferencial e espectroscopia de infravermelho.

Flow-batch analyser for preparation of calibration standard mixtures in simultaneous multicomponent spectrometric analysis

ABSTRACT: The application of multivariate calibration techniques to multicomponent analysis by UV-VIS molecular absorption spectrometry is a powerful tool for simultaneous determination of several chemical species. However, when this methodology is accomplished manually, it is slow and laborious, consumes high amounts of reagents and samples, is susceptible to contaminations and presents a high operational cost. To overcome these drawbacks, a flow-batch analyser is proposed in this work. This analyser was developed for automatic preparation of standard calibration and test (or validation) mixtures. It was applied to the simultaneous determination of Cu²⁺, Mn²⁺ and Zn²⁺ in polyvitaminic and polymineral pharmaceutical formulations, using 4-(2-piridilazo) resorcinol as reagent and a UV-VIS spectrophotometer with a photodiode array detector. The results obtained with the proposed system are in good agreement with those obtained by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, which was employed as reference method. With the proposed analyser, the preparation of calibration and test mixtures can be accomplished about four hours, while the manual procedure requires at least two days. Moreover, it consumes smaller amounts of reagents and samples than the manual procedure. After the preparation of calibration and test mixtures, 60 samples^-1 can be carried out with the proposed flow-batch analyser.