Bureaucracy and ecopolitics in the Third World: environmental policy formation in Brazil = Burocracia y ecopolítica en el Tercer Mundo: formación de políticas relativas al medio ambiente en el Brasil

Incluye Bibliografía

Debt for nature: a swap whose time has gone?

Includes bibliography

Trade, environment and development: implications for Caribbean countries

Includes bibliography

Latin America’s emergence in global services A new driver of structural change in the region?

Includes bibliography.

ECLAC Notes Nº 21

Mutual Confidence and Transparency in Defence Spending Between Chile and Argentina Education and the Labour Market: Latin America is Falling Behind Op-ed of ECLAC's Executive Secretary, José Antonio Ocampo: Lessons from the Argentine Crisis Highlights. Financial Volatility and Investment: Latin America at the Start of a New Millennium Indicators Time for a World Environmental Organization Recent titles Calendar of activities

Informe de la reunión de expertos sobre vínculos entre proveedores de servicios locales y las cadenas globales de valor (México, D.F., 13 de marzo de 2014)

1. La conferencia sobre “Vínculos entre proveedores de servicios locales y las cadenas globales de valor” se enmarcó en la Reunión titulada “Internacionalización e innovación de servicios: nuevas fuentes del desarrollo productivo en América Latina”, organizada por la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), el Colegio de México (COLMEX), el Colegio de la Frontera Norte (COLEF), el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID), la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OECD), la Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre Comercio y Desarrollo (UNCTAD) y el World Trade Institute (WTI). 2. Los servicios desempeñan un papel predominante en las estructuras económicas de América Latina, que se expresa por su gran peso económico (más del 50% del PIB) y por la generación de empleo (más de la mitad del total), junto con una proporción creciente en el comercio internacional, sobre todo cuando este último se mide por valor agregado. Los servicios, lejos de constituirse como un sector autónomo con respecto al industrial, deben su crecimiento a la progresiva racionalización iniciada durante los años ochenta en la cadena de producción manufacturera. En la actualidad, la competitividad de los países, vinculada con su capacidad para atraer o conservar en su territorio parte del valor generado en el sistema mundial, depende del grado de escalamiento del sector servicios en la cadena de valor global. 3. El papel que tienen los servicios genera una serie de retos y oportunidades para el diseño de políticas públicas y para los estudios académicos, principalmente en lo relacionado con: el desempeño de la productividad en los servicios; la participación en cadenas globales de valor y en su escalamiento; el impacto de los marcos regulatorios en el desarrollo del sector; su vinculación con los procesos de innovación, y la calidad de los empleos generados. El objetivo de esta reunión fue dar respuesta a algunos de estos planteamientos y promover el diálogo entre investigadores y diseñadores de política pública. En seguida, se incluye la información sobre la organización, la dinámica y las conclusiones de la reunión.

An assessment of the economic impact of climate change on the coastal and marine sector in the British Virgin Islands

Owing to their high vulnerability and low adaptive capacity, Caribbean islands have legitimate concerns about their future, based on observational records, experience with current patterns and consequences of climate variability, and climate model projections. Although emitting less than 1% of global greenhouse gases, islands from the region have already perceived a need to reallocate scarce resources away from economic development and poverty reduction, and towards the implementation of strategies to adapt to the growing threats posed by global warming (Nurse and Moore, 2005). The objectives of this Report are to conduct economic analyses of the projected impacts of climate change to 2050, within the context of the IPCC A2 and B2 scenarios, on the coastal and marine resources of the British Virgin Islands (BVI). The Report presents a valuation of coastal and marine services; quantitative and qualitative estimates of climate change impacts on the coastal zone; and recommendations of possible adaptation strategies and costs and benefits of adaptation. A multi-pronged approach is employed in valuing the marine and coastal sector. Direct use and indirect use values are estimated. The amount of economic activity an ecosystem service generates in the local economy underpins estimation of direct use values. Tourism and fisheries are valued using the framework developed by the World Resources Institute. Biodiversity is valued in terms of the ecological functions it provides, such as climate regulation, shoreline protection, water supply erosion control and sediment retention, and biological control, among others. Estimates of future losses to the coastal zone from climate change are determined by considering: (1) the effect of sea level rise on coastal lands; and (2) the effect of a rise in sea surface temperature (SST) on coastal waters. Discount rates of 1%, 2% and 4% are employed to analyse all loss estimates in present value terms. The overall value for the coastal and marine sector is USD $1,606 million (mn). This is almost 2% larger than BVI’s 2008 GDP. Tourism and recreation comprise almost two-thirds of the value of the sector. By 2100, the effects of climate change on coastal lands are projected to be $3,988.6 mn, and $2,832.9 mn under the A2 and B2 scenarios respectively. In present value terms, if A2 occurs, losses range from $108.1-$1,596.8 mn and if B2 occurs, losses range from $74.1-$1,094.1 mn, depending on the discount rate used. Estimated costs of a rise in SST in 2050 indicate that they vary between $1,178.0 and $1,884.8 mn. Assuming a discount rate of 4%, losses range from $226.6 mn for the B2 scenario to $363.0 mn for the A2 scenario. If a discount rate of 1% is assumed, estimated losses are much greater, ranging from $775.6-$1,241.0 mn. Factoring in projected climate change impacts, the net value of the coastal and marine sector suggests that the costs of climate change significantly reduce the value of the sector, particularly under the A2 and B2 climate change scenarios for discount rates of 1% and 2%. In contrast, the sector has a large, positive, though declining trajectory, for all years when a 4% discount rate is employed. Since the BVI emits minimal greenhouse gases, but will be greatly affected by climate change, the report focuses on adaptation as opposed to mitigation strategies. The options shortlisted are: (1) enhancing monitoring of all coastal waters to provide early warning alerts of bleaching and other marine events; (2) introducing artificial reefs or fish-aggregating devices; (3) introducing alternative tourist attractions; (4) providing retraining for displaced tourism workers; and (5) revising policies related to financing national tourism offices to accommodate the new climatic realities. All adaptation options considered are quite justifiable in national terms; each had benefit-cost ratios greater than 1.

Latin America and the Caribbean in the World Economy 1998

Includes bibliography

Handbook for estimating the socio-economic and environmental effects of disasters

Includes bibliography

Sustainable bioenergy: a framework for decision makers

Includes bibliography

Environmental value, valuation methods, and natural disaster damage assessment

Includes bibliography

Public institutions and explicit and implicit environmental policies

Includes bibliography

Global economic crises, environmental-resource scarcity and wealth concentration

Includes bibliography

Activities report of the initiative group of the working group on environmental statistics

Includes bibliography

Report of the Regional Preparatory Conference of Latin America and the Caribbean for the World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg, South Africa, 2002), Rio de Janeiro, 23-24 October 2001

Includes bibliography