Políticas macroeconómicas, distribución y pobreza en el Ecuador

Incluye Bibliografía

A regional reserve fund for Latin America

Incluye bibliografía

Panorama da Inserção Internacional da América Latina e Caribe 2013: Lenta pós-crise, meganegociações comerciais e cadeias de valor: o espaço de ação regional. Documento informativo

A edição 2013 do Panorama da inserção internacional da América Latina e Caribe, intitulado “Lenta pós-crise, meganegociações comerciais e cadeias de valor: o espaço de ação regional”, se divide em três capítulos. O primeiro capítulo revisa os principais traços da persistente debilidade que mostram a economia e o comércio mundial. Em seguida, se examina a evolução e as perspectivas do comércio mundial e regional. No segundo capítulo faz-se um exame das principais transformações da organização da produção e do comércio mundial associadas ao fenômeno das redes internacionais de produção, que estão na raiz das atuais negociações megarregionais. À continuação se revisam três processos de particular importância: o Acordo Transatlântico sobre Comércio e Investimento entre os Estados Unidos e a União Europeia; o Acordo de Associação Transpacífico, que inclui 12 países de América Latina, América do Norte, Ásia e Oceania; e a Associação Econômica Integral Regional, que reúne dez países membros da Associação de Nações do Sudeste Asiático (ASEAN), Austrália, China, Índia, Japão, Nova Zelândia e República da Coreia. O capítulo III analisa a participação dos países da América Latina e do Caribe em redes internacionais de produção e cadeias de valor.

Revista de la CEPAL no.25

La economía latinoamericana durante 1984: un balance preliminar / Enrique V. Iglesias. -- Las empresas transnacionales y el comercio internacional de América Latina / Eugenio Lahera. -- El papel subsidiario de la inversión externa directa en la industrialización: el sector manufacturero colombiano / Michael Mortimore. -- Políticas de estabilización y ajuste en el Cono Sur, 1974-1983 / Joseph Ramos. -- Desarrollo rural y programación urbana de alimentos / Manuel Figueroa L. -- Sociedades dependientes y crisis en América Latina: los desafíos de la transformación político-social / Germán W. Rama y Enzo Faletto. -- Cultura, discurso (autoexpresióri) y desarrollo social en el Caribe / Jean Casimir. -- Aspectos legales de la deuda pública latinoamericana: la relación con los bancos comerciales / Gonzalo Biggs.

CEPAL Review no.25

The Latin American economy during 1984: a preliminary overview / Enrique V. Iglesias / The transnational corporations and Latin America’s international trade / Eugenio Lahera. -- The subsidiary role of direct foreign investment in industrialization: the Colombian manufacturing sector / Michael Mortimore. -- Stabilization and adjustment policies in the southern cone, 1974-1983 / Joseph Ramos. -- Rural development and urban food programming / Manuel Figueroa L. -- Dependent societies and crisis in Latin America: the challenges of social and political transformation / Germán W. Rama and Enzo Faletto. -- Culture, discourse (self-expression) and social development in the Caribbean / Jean Casimir. -- Legal aspects of the Latin American public debt: relations with the commercial banks / Gonzalo Biggs.

Efectos económicos y macrofiscales de los recursos naturales en América Latina

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar una evolución detallada del impacto económico y macrofiscal de los recursos naturales en América Latina y el Caribe. Dado el crecimiento importante experimentado por los mismos, que constituyen la principal fuente de exportaciones de los países de la región, se analizará en este trabajo la manera en que los países de la región han utilizado los ingresos adicionales con fines de aprovechamiento fiscal y su consecuente efecto económico (desigualdad, crecimiento) en términos de instrumentos fiscales (recursos tributarios), gobernanza de los recursos naturales y el establecimiento de fondos de estabilización.

The economic crisis: policies for adjustment, stabilization and growth

Includes bibliography

Economic growth in Latin America in the late 20th century: evidence and interpretation

Includes bibliography

Tax reforms and fiscal stabilization in Latin American countries

Includes bibliography

The evolution of structural adjustment and stabilization policy in Jamaica

Includes bibliography

Fiscal policy and the economic cycle in Chile

Includes bibliography

Why is there so much economic insecurity in Latin America?

Includes bibliography

The employment situation in Latin America and the Caribbean: Crisis, stabilization and reactivation: performance of the labour market in 2009

Following a five-year period during which economic and social performance in Latin America and the Caribbean surpassed anything seen in recent decades, the global economic and financial crisis not only hurt macroeconomic variables but also impacted heavily on labour markets in the region’s countries. Between 2003 and 2008 employment rates had risen considerably, especially in the formal sector, but the crisis spelled a reversal of this trend. Nevertheless, the region was better prepared than it had been in previous crises, since it had achieved a sound fiscal footing, a good level of international reserves and low rates of inflation. This meant that the authorities had the space to implement countercyclical policies on both fiscal and monetary levels. Be this as it may, faced with the worst global crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s, these measures could only attenuate the impact on the region’s economies —they could not prevent it altogether. Furthermore, the crisis struck with notable differences among subregions and countries depending on the nature of their trade integration, and not all the countries had the fiscal space to implement vigorous countercyclical policies. As discussed in this third ECLAC/ILO bulletin, the crisis did less damage to the region’s labour markets than had been feared at the beginning of last year, thanks to the implementation of public policies geared towards employment, as reviewed in the two previous bulletins. This bulletin offers an additional analysis from the perspective of gender equality. Moreover, some countries in the region, notably Brazil, managed to rapidly stabilize and revive economic growth, with positive effects on labour variables. The fact remains, however, that millions in Latin America and the Caribbean lost their jobs or were obliged to accept more poorly paid employment in more precarious conditions. The macroeconomic data indicate that recovery is under way and is stronger and occurring more rapidly than foreseen one year ago. In fact, regional growth in 2010 may well exceed the 4.1% forecast at the end of 2009. Consequently, although the unemployment rate may be expected to record a modest drop, it may not return to pre-crisis levels. The upturn is taking many different forms in the countries of the region. In some, especially in South America, recovery has benefited from the buoyancy of the Asian economies, whose demand for natural resources has driven large increases in exports, in terms of both volume and price. Countries whose economies are closely tied to the United States economy are benefiting from the recovery there, albeit more slowly and with a certain lag. Conversely, some countries are still suffering from major disequilibria, which are hampering their economic reactivation. Lastly, Chile and Haiti were both victims of devastating earthquakes early in the year and are therefore facing additional challenges associated with reconstruction, on top of their efforts to sustain an economic upturn. Despite the relatively favourable outlook for regional growth in 2010, great uncertainty still surrounds the global economy’s recovery, which affects the region’s economic prospects over the longer term. The weakness of the recovery in some regions and the doubts about its sustainability in others, as well as shocks that have occurred in international financial markets, are warning signs which authorities need to monitor continuously because of the region’s close integration with the global economy. In addition, a return to growth does not directly or automatically mean higher employment rates —still less decent working conditions. Although some labour indicators have performed reasonably favourably since the end of last year, the countries still face daunting challenges in improving the labour market integration of millions in Latin America and the Caribbean who are not seeing the fruits of renewed growth. This is why it is important to learn the lessons arising from the policies implemented during the crisis to offset its impact on labour markets. With this third joint bulletin, ECLAC and ILO continue to pursue their objective of affording the region the information and analyses needed to face these challenges, as regards both trends in the region’s labour markets and the corresponding policy options.