Brasil: localización industrial y encadenamientos sectoriales, el caso de la industria automovilística

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar un análisis de la distribución espacial de la industria automotriz en el Brasil, entre 1995 y 2011, en relación con sus diversas categorías económicas, y mostrar sus encadenamientos sectoriales mediante las matrices interregionales de insumo-producto. A partir del cálculo del coeficiente de localización (QLij) de dicho período, se constató que la tercera ola de inversiones, iniciada en la segunda mitad de los años noventa, logró producir, de hecho, una ligera desconcentración espacial de este sector en la economía nacional. El cálculo del coeficiente de asociación geográfica (CAik) de diferentes años indicó una pequeña disminución, pese a que se mantuvo un nivel significativo de concentración, lo que sugiere que la producción de vehículos es un proceso bastante integrado con otras actividades económicas. Esta integración se corroboró, especialmente, con respecto a la compra de insumos (efectos hacia atrás) en todas las regiones aquí analizadas.

Mexico: industrial policies and the production of information and communication technology goods and services

This study investigates the extent to which the digital boom has had repercussions on productive activity, in terms of both manufacturing (ict goods) and services (ict services), in addition to its potential ramifications in the rest of the Mexican economy. Input-output matrices are used and compared to those of Brazil and the United States. Mexico has fallen behind, particularly in the production of ict goods, and the productive chains of this activity have weakened. The ict services sector offers much greater potential than has been exploited thus far, with the advantage that it involves comparatively more value added and has major diversification possibilities. It is considered essential to find more effective industrial policies targeted on the ict goods and services sectors; but the experience of countries such as Brazil, which have applied more proactive approaches with mixed results, suggests that this will be challenging.

Industrial location and sectoral linkages: the case of the Brazilian automotive industry

The aim of this article is to analyse the spatial distribution of the automotive industry in Brazil in terms of its various economic categories between 1995 and 2011, and to shed light on its sectoral linkages through inter-regional input-output matrices. By calculating the coefficient of localization (QLij) for that period, it was found that the third wave of investments, which began in the second half of the 1990s, actually caused a slight spatial deconcentration of this sector in the national economy. The coefficient of geographic association (CAik)calculated for different years revealed a slight reduction, while maintaining a high level of concentration, which suggests that vehicle production is closely integrated with other economic activities. This integration was corroborated particularly in terms of input purchases (backward linkages) in all of the analysed regions.