The CARIFORUM-EU Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA): an assessment of issues relating to market access, safeguards and implications for regional integration

The recent collapse of the Doha round once again underscores the tenuous nature of international trade negotiations. Likewise, the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) between the CARIFORUM grouping and the European Union (EU) has generated a great deal of discussion and debate over the past several months. What has clearly emerged is the existence of two diametrically opposed views on the impact and usefulness of the agreement. One view has it that the EPA is a major breakthrough in trade relations that will greatly benefit the region. On the other hand, some see it as being detrimental to the region and perhaps a total capitulation to the EU on the part of the CARIFORUM. They assert that it is part of a global EU strategy to impose World Trade Organization (WTO) policies on developing nations and get around the Doha obstacles. Both sides in this debate attempt to back up their views with reference to the text of the agreement. The objective of this review is to shed some light on the issues driving this debate particularly in the areas of market access, the impact on tariff revenues, and the implications for regional integration. This review also attempts to clarify and distill some of the main contentious issues regarding the EPA and to inform further discussion regarding an implementation plan. The approach is based on detailed study of the EPA text and its annexes plus extensive interviews with some of the main negotiators on the CARIFORUM side. Interviews were conducted both in person and via the Internet as many of the regional negotiators live or work outside of the region. The reviewer also attended presentations and discussions with some of the leading regional critics of the agreement.

Pricing and spread components at the Lima Stock Exchange

This paper analyses three aspects of the share market operated by the Lima Stock Exchange: (i) the short-term relationship between the pricing, direction and volume of order flows; (ii) the components of the spread and the equilibrium point of the limit order book per share, and (iii) the pricing, order direction and trading volume dynamic resulting from shocks in the same variables when lagged. The econometric results for intraday data from 2012 show that the short-run dynamic of the most and least liquid shares in the General Index of the Lima Stock Exchange is explained by the direction of order flow, whose price impact is temporary in both cases.

Globalización, integración y comercio inclusivo en América Latina. Textos seleccionados 2010-2014

En el actual contexto de globalización económica, el tema de la inserción internacional de la región cobra una renovada importancia. La presente publicación, la segunda de la colección “Páginas Selectas de la CEPAL”, contiene extractos de documentos publicados desde 2010 y que abordan diversos aspectos de dicha temática. Entre éstos se destacan la participación regional en las cadenas mundiales y regionales de valor, la irrupción de China como un socio comercial crecientemente influyente, los logros y desafíos pendientes del proceso de integración regional en su vertiente económica y comercial, y las posibles implicancias para América Latina y el Caribe de las negociaciones comerciales megarregionales actualmente en curso. Como trasfondo de todos los textos seleccionados se encuentra el vínculo entre la participación regional en el comercio internacional y el logro de un crecimiento inclusivo. Este último se entiende como un crecimiento capaz de contribuir a la reducción de la heterogeneidad estructural mediante un aumento del empleo, la productividad y el ingreso, mejorando el bienestar de la mayoría y reduciendo la desigualdad

Panorama y retos de la política de competencia en Centroamérica

Los países centroamericanos, con excepción de Guatemala, cuentan actualmente con una ley y una autoridad de competencia. Las primeras leyes promulgadas, poco conocidas y escasamente discutidas, reflejaban las dificultades que los gobiernos encontraron para alcanzar los consensos necesarios para su aprobación. Algunas limitaciones de las leyes de competencia iniciales, que afectan también la capacidad de las agencias de competencia, han conducido a la revisión del marco legal y de la coherencia entre las políticas públicas, sin la cual se limita la efectividad de la aplicación de las leyes. Al mismo tiempo, la exigencia del Acuerdo de Asociación de Centroamérica con la Unión Europea, en el sentido de que todos los países deben contar con una política de competencia eficaz, también ha conducido a reformas legales. En este documento se exploran las transformaciones de las políticas de competencia en los países con ley de competencia en Centroamérica y se ponderan los avances alcanzados y sus persistentes limitaciones. También se aborda de manera especial el caso de Guatemala y los principales retos que enfrenta ese país en esta materia, considerando que es la única nación centroamericana que aún no cuenta con una ley ni una agencia de competencia.

Trade in services negotiations: a review of the experience of the United States and the European Union in Latin America

Includes bibliography

Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA): a report on the progress of the preparations for negotiations

Includes bibliography

The Role of Technical Assistance in World Trade Organization (WTO) Trade Facilitation Negotiations

This issue of the Bulletin presents a brief review of trade facilitation negotiations from the specific viewpoint of technical assistance, capacity-building and special and differential treatment (SDT). Trade facilitation negotiations have focused on clarifying three articles of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT): article V (freedom of transit); article VIII (fees and formalities connected with importation and exportation); and article X (publication and administration of trade regulations). Although the stage of text-based negotiations has not yet been reached, the process of receiving and analysing proposals has made it possible to identify the aspects most urgently in need of correcting by means of trade facilitation measures. Consideration has been given to several formulas for the implementation of those measures and to how the associated technical assistance should be organized.

Trade policy in CARICOM: overview of the main trade policy measures

Includes bibliography

Poverty impacts of trade integration with the European Union: lessons for Ecuador

Includes bibliography

Trade policy making in Latin America: a compared analysis

Includes bibliography

Trade and investment rules: Latin American perspectives

Includes bibliography

Manual for completing the questionnaire on measures affecting services trade in the hemisphere

Includes bibliography

The Caribbean countries and the Free Trade Area of the Americas

Includes bibliography

Trade policy within the context of the World Trade Organization

Includes bibliography

The fiscal impact of trade liberalization and commodity price fluctuation: the case of Costa Rica, 1980-1998

Includes bibliography