Crisis del "welfare State" en Europa y la crisis del bienestar social en América Latina

Incluye Bibliografía

Políticas agrícolas, crecimiento productivo y desarrollo rural

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Modernización y crecimiento de los cultivos de ciclo corto

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Expansión y tecnificación de los cultivos permanentes y sus efectos sociales

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Desarrollo ganadero en América Latina y sus derivaciones sociales

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Política de irrigación: estudio de un proceso de concentración en México

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An assessment of the economic and social impacts of climate change on the health sector in the Caribbean

Climate change affects the fundamental bases of good human health, which are clean air, safe drinking water, sufficient food, and secure shelter. Climate change is known to impact health through three climate dimensions: extreme heat, natural disasters, and infections and diseases. The temporal and spatial climatic changes that will affect the biology and ecology of vectors and intermediate hosts are likely to increase the risks of disease transmission. The greatest effect of climate change on disease transmission is likely to be observed at the extremes of the range of temperatures at which transmission typically occurs. Caribbean countries are marked by unique geographical and geological features. When combined with their physical, infrastructural development, these features make them relatively more prone to negative impacts from changes in climatic conditions. The increased variability of climate associated with slow-moving tropical depressions has implications for water quality through flooding as well as hurricanes. Caribbean countries often have problems with water and sanitation. These problems are exacerbated whenever there is excess rainfall, or no rainfall. The current report aims to prepare the Caribbean to respond better to the anticipated impact of climate change on the health sector, while fostering a subregional Caribbean approach to reducing carbon emissions by 2050. It provides a major advance on the analytical and contextual issues surrounding the impact of climate change on health in the Caribbean by focusing on the vector-borne and waterborne diseases that are anticipated to be impacted directly by climate change. The ultimate goal is to quantify both the direct and indirect costs associated with each disease, and to present adaptation strategies that can address these health concerns effectively to benefit the populations of the Caribbean.

Paraguay: una propuesta de financiamiento de viviendas para los segmentos de ingresos medios-bajos

La construcción y la propiedad de viviendas son fundamentales para el desarrollo económico, la creación de riqueza y la formación de la clase media. Pese a los numerosos estudios y programas implementados en décadas recientes, persiste un marcado déficit de viviendas en el Paraguay, así como en América Latina, porque estos programas no han sido exitosos. El mayor obstáculo para las familias al intentar adquirir una vivienda y no poder acreditar ingresos regulares, suele ser el financiamiento. En este trabajo se procura demostrar la factibilidad económica y financiera —siempre que exista voluntad política y coordinación entre entidades privadas y públicas— de un proyecto de construcción de 75.000 viviendas para 300.000 personas (el 4,5% de la población paraguaya) con ingresos medios-bajos. Este segmento poblacional, con grave carencia de viviendas decentes, tiene un ingreso medio de 396,5 dólares por hogar, pudiendo destinar hasta 63,44 dólares mensuales a costos relacionados con la vivienda.

Paraguay: a housing finance proposal for middle- to low-income groups

The construction and ownership of homes is fundamental to economic development, the generation of wealth and the formation of the middle class. Although a number of studies have been conducted and programmes implemented in recent decades, there remains a significant housing deficit in Paraguay and Latin America, indicating that such programmes have been unsuccessful. For families unable to document a steady income, the main obstacle to homeownership is often financing. This paper aims to demonstrate the economic and financial feasibility —provided there is sufficient political will and coordination between public and private entities— of a project to build 75,000 homes for 300,000 people (4.5% of the Paraguayan population) with middle to low incomes. The median household income in this segment, for which there is a significant shortage of decent housing, is US$ 396.50. A maximum of US$ 63.44 per month may be set aside for housing costs.