Heterogeneidade dos componentes de variância na produção de leite e seus efeitos nas estimativas de herdabilidade e repetibilidade

It was evaluated the heterogeneity of components of phenotypic variance and its effects on the heritability and repeatability estimates for milk yield in Holstein cattle. The herds were grouped according to their level of production (low, medium and high) and evaluated in the non-transformed, square-root and logarithmic scale. Variance components were estimated using a restricted maximum likelihood method based on an animal model that included fixed effects of herd-year-season, and as covariates the linear effect of lactation duration and the linear and quadratic effects of cow's age at calving and the random direct additive genetic, permanent environment and residual effects. In the non-transformed scale all the variance components were heterogeneous. on this scale, residual and phenotypic variance components were associated positively with the level of production while in logarithmic scale that association was negative. Estimates of heritability were more affected than the repeatability for the phenotypic variance heterogeneity and their components. The of selection process efficiency for milk production could be affected by the level of production which was considered for genetic parameters estimation.

Influência de pré-influência de pré-tratamentos sobre a desidratação osmótica de carambolas

A desidratação osmótica (DO) de fatias de carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.) em solução de sacarose foi estudada, com o objetivo de otimizar o processo. Num primeiro conjunto de experimentos, aplicou-se revestimento de coberturas comestíveis (pectina ou pectina+amido) sobre as fatias, seguido de do em solução aquosa de sacarose (50%, p/p, 27°C). Num segundo conjunto, foi realizada secagem parcial da cobertura, em estufa, antes da DO. Num terceiro conjunto de experimentos testou-se a adição de CaCl2 na solução osmótica. A aplicação dos revestimentos antes da do não melhorou a eficiência (máxima perda água/ganho soluto) devido à grande retenção de umidade e à fácil impregnação de sacarose nos mesmos, enquanto que o tecido vegetal sem revestimento restringiu mais o ganho de soluto e propiciou maior saída de água. A utilização de CaCl2 a 0,04M, na própria solução osmótica de sacarose, melhorou ligeiramente a eficiência do processo, em relação à solução sem o sal. A do em solução de sacarose, sem e com a adição de CaCl2, geraram resultados positivos na qualidade sensorial da carambola em fatias, desidratadas em secador (60 e 70°C), em comparação com a fruta não tratada, sendo que a melhor temperatura de secagem foi 60°C.

Assessment of by-products of chlorination and photoelectrocatalytic chlorination of an azo dye

The present work describes a more efficient methodology for the chlorination of water containing disperse dyes, where the chlorinated byproducts identified by mass spectra are compared. this investigation, we tested the degradation of Cl Disperse Blue 291 dye, 2-[(2-Bromo-4,6-dinitrophenyl)azo]-5-(diethylamino)-4-methoxyacetanilide) a commercial azo dye with mutagenic properties. The present work evaluates the photoelectrocatalytic efficiency of removing the Cl Disperse Blue 291 dye from a wastewater of the textile industry. We employed NaCl as a supporting electrolyte. It should be noted that photoelectrocatalytic techniques are non-conventional method of generating chlorine radicals. The by-products formed in this process were analyzed using spectrophotometry, liquid chromatography, dissolved organic carbon, mass spectral analysis and mutagenicity assays. The process efficiency was compared with the conventional chlorination process adopted during sewage and effluents treatment processes. This conventional chlorination process is less efficient in removing color, total organic carbon than the photoelectrochemistry technique. Furthermore, we shall demonstrate that the mutagenicity of the generated by-products obtained using photoelectrocatalysis is completely different from that obtained by the conventional oxidation of chloride ions in the drinking wafer treatment process. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Degradação eletroquímica do cloranfenicol em reator de fluxo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

An evaluation into the potential of biological processing for the removal of metals from sewage sludges

The use of sewage sludge in agricultural land as a means of sludge disposal and recycling has been shown to be economical and suitable because of the presence of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. However, municipal sludges often contain high quantities of toxic metals and other compounds that must be removed for its safe use in agricultural soils. The biological leaching of metals from sewage sludges has been shown to be a promising technique for metal detoxifying in such complex matrix. The process efficiency is dependent on several physico-chemical parameters, such as total solids concentration, metal forms, pH-ORP, and temperature. Scale-up of the process has not yet been defined and is still pursuing the correct operational design. Current research involving the bioleaching of metals from sewage sludge and its application to land, which affects soil physical properties, are presented and discussed.

An aproach for implementing knowledge management in small and medium companies in Brazil: A case study

The search for competitive advantage in a global environment must consider the use of tacit and explicit knowledge circulating inside companies. Differential factors can be easily replicated nowadays. Due to the great volume of knowledge and information, it is necessary to create a system that allows the management of important knowledge. Existing models for Knowledge Management are based on the reality at large companies. In Brazil, most of the companies are smaller ones. This work presents a simplified model to implement Knowledge Management in Small and Medium Companies in Brazil, based on a unique case study with limited scope. Despite some human and financial restrictions, Knowledge Management can help smaller companies, preserving organizational memory and increasing process efficiency. Observing a unique case prevented any generalization of the model. But the recommendations can be references to other companies, because projects like this must address the specific issues of each organization. The objective of this study is to introduce a simplified model for planning Knowledge Management at small companies in Brazil, considering their restrictions and also seeking to create a competitive advantage. Human aspects are very important in Knowledge Management, but that is not the focus of this study. The model was conceived presuming the participation of all people involved.

Utilização de escamas e Eichhornia crassipes no tratamento de efluente de curtume de peles de tilápias

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise da estabilidade a pequenas perturbações do sistema elétrico de potência considerando a atuação do TCSC e controladores suplementares de amortecimento: representação pelo modelo de sensibilidade de corrente

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

Desidratação osmótica da manga cv. Palmer em solução de sacarose com e sem adição de ácido ascórbico

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise do fenômeno de cavitação em bomba centrífuga

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Investigação da quebra de pigmentos por luz

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Tratamento da manipueira por processo de flotação sem uso de agentes químicos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Análise econômico-energética de utilização de resíduo industrial florestal para geração de energia térmica: um estudo de caso

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Desidratação de abóbora (Cucurbita moschata) por métodos combinados

Pós-graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos - IBILCE

Diferentes parâmetros de produção de goma xantana pela fermentação de Xanthomonas campestris pv campestris

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)