Vulvar carcinoma in young patients and its relationship with genital warts

We report the occurrence of aggressive vulvar carcinoma associated with condyloma acuminata in three patients: under 33 years old. Discussion of the role of the human papilloma virus (HPV) in the development of vulvar cancer is also presented. Three patients with condyloma associated with aggressive vulvar squamous cell carcinoma, in situ (1 case) and invasive (2 cases), documented by biopsy and/or vulvectomy are presented. In situ hybridization (ISH) was used to characterize the subtypes of HPV. One patient with erythematous systemic lupus developed in situ carcinoma after 5 years. The other two cases also developed aggressive multicentric, invasive squamous cell carcinoma after 10 years of diagnosis of condyloma. In all cases HPV cytological abnormalities were seen throughout the pathological examination. HPV 16 and 18 were present in cells of invasive squamous cell carcinoma in cases 2 and 3. HPV 6 and 11 were detected only in the condyloma area in case 2. HPV 30 was seen only in the condyloma area in case 3. This report emphasizes the need for biopsies of all unusually persistent or treatment-resistant condylomas, particularly in young and/or immunoisuppressed patients.

Prevalence of anogenital warts in Men with HIV/AIDS and associated factors

Infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the world. Among the 630 million new cases of HPV that occur each year, 30 million develop anogenital warts. Although subclinical infection with HPV is the most common cause, genital warts are also associated with immunosuppression caused by HIV. In view of the high prevalence of HPV/HIV co-infection particularly among men who have sex with men, the objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of anogenital warts in men with HIV/AIDS and to identify associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 159 men with HIV/AIDS consecutively selected at a referral service in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, in which the association between sociodemographic, behavioral and clinical variables and the presence of anogenital warts was evaluated. After hierarchical analysis of the data, variables presenting a p value ≤ 0.2 were entered into an unconditional multivariate logistic regression model. Forty-nine (31%) of the HIV-positive patients had anogenital warts. The mean age was 44.6 ± 9.6 years. The main factors associated with the presence of anogenital warts were irregular antiretroviral treatment and genital herpes(HSV). The present study demonstrate that anogenital warts occur in almost one-third of the male population infected with HIV and factors associated with a higher risk of being diagnosed with anogenital warts were irregular cART use and co-infection with HSV, other variables could not be associated.

A new species of Proceratophrys (Anura: Cycloramphidae) from western Brazil

A new species of Proceratophrys cristiceps group is described from western Brazil. The new species is characterized by absence of prominent palpebral appendages and postocular swellings, males measuring 44.2 +/- 2.1 mm SVL (41.1-47.3 mm) and females 56.4 +/- 2.8 mm SVL (52.7-59.8 mm), snout rounded in dorsal, and obtuse in lateral views, dorsal skin uniformly rugose, with no elevated warts, and tympanum defined as a depression on the skin. The new species was found in Guapore river drainage, a highly impacted area due to the construction of water dams.

A New Species of the Scinax perpusillus Group (Anura: Hylidae) from Espirito Santo, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A new species of Proceratophrys (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from the Amazon rain forest

A new Proceratophrys from Rondonia, Brazil, is described based on adults and tadpoles. The new form represents a species with eyelids bordered by large, irregularly arranged, warts; postocular swellings absent; snout obtuse with flaring lip in profile; tympanum defined as a depression in the skin; and dorsal surfaces of body and leg bearing high elevated warts. The new species extends the known distribution of the genus to the northwest and represents the first described species of Proceratophrys from the Amazon rain forest. We discuss the species group arrangement in Proceratophrys based on morphology, geographic distribution, and habitat.

Evaluation of electrical conductivity, pH and refractive index as physico-chemical parameters for quality control of Aveloz homeopathic solutions

Euphorbia tirucalli Lineu (Aveloz) belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae and is used in the treatment of cancer and warts. Some studies have reported that phorbol esters are the active principles responsible for the antitumor activity of Aveloz. The production of these molecules occurs in greater quantity in May, during the morning. This study aimed to evaluate whether the physico-chemical parameters of Aveloz homeopathic aqueous solutions such as pH, electrical conductivity and refractive index change due to storage time. Such parameters were measured regularly for 180 days. All solutions were prepared according to the method of grinding with lactose and subsequent dissolution in aqueous medium, as described in the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia, using as starting point the Aveloz latex collected in May. Homeopathic aqueous solutions containing only lactose were also prepared and evaluated as a control group. The potencies that were analyzed for electrical conductivity, pH and refractive index were: 4cH, 7cH, 9cH, 12cH, 14cH, 15cH, 29cH, 30cH. As a result, we found out that there was only statistical difference (p=0.035) in electrical conductivity between the homeopathic solutions containing Aveloz and the homeopathic solutions without Aveloz, when 15cH potency was compared. We also observed that the electrical conductivity increased with the aging of the solutions but is not directly related to the pH or the refractive index of the solutions, indicating that the aging process may alter the electrical conductivity of the homeopathic medicines. The presence of gas inside the glass that stores these solutions may affect the electrical conductivity measurements. Finally, no statistically significant difference was observed (p> 0.05) in the pH and refractive index.

Nucleotide and phylogenetic analysis of human papillomavirus types 6 and 11 isolated from recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in Brazil

There are few studies about the distribution of natural molecular variants of low-risk HPVs. Our aim was to evaluate the E6 early gene variability among HPV-6 and HPV-11 isolates detected in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) samples obtained in a cohort of Brazilian patients. We also performed a phylogenetic analysis in order to compare nucleotide sequences identified in our study with previously reported isolates from different anatomic sites (laryngeal papillomas, genital warts, cervical cancer and anal swabs) obtained from other parts of the world to determine the phylogenetic relationships of variants detected in Brazil. The complete coding region of the E6 gene of 25 samples was cloned and sequenced: 18 isolates of HPV-6 (72%) and 7 isolates of HPV-11 (28%). A total of four different HPV-6 genomic variants and two HPV-11 genomic variants was identified. It was not possible to correlate specific variants with disease severity. Phylogenetic trees for both HPV types were constructed enclosing both E6 sequences detected in our study and formerly published sequences. In both phylogenetic trees, the sequences from Brazil did not group together. We could not establish a geographical association between HPV-6 or HPV-11 variants, unlike HPV-16 and HPV-18. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Prevalência e fatores associados á verrugas anogenitais em homens portadores de HIV/AIDS atendidos em serviço especializado

Pós-graduação em Doenças Tropicais - FMB

Análise do gene E6 de HPV de baixo risco em papilomatose de laringe

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Skin diseases reported by workers from UNESP campus at Rubiao Jr, Botucatu-SP (Brazil)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Hancornia speciosa latex for biomedical applications: physical and chemical properties, biocompatibility assessment and angiogenic activity

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Análise da expressão gênica em resposta ao tratamento com Euphorbia tirucalli (Aveloz) em carcinoma epidermóide de laringe

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A new species of Rhinella (Anura: Bufonidae) from Northeastern Brazil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Conhecimento sobre HPV (Papilomavírus Humano) e a percepção das adolescentes sobre sua imunização

Pós-graduação em Enfermagem (mestrado profissional) - FMB