Biomarkers for oxidative stress in acute lung injury induced in rabbits submitted to different strategies of mechanical ventilation

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estrous behavior and the estrus-to-ovulation interval in Nelore cattle (Bos indicus) with natural estrus or estrus induced with prostaglandin F2 alpha or norgestomet and estradiol valerate

Estrous behavior and the estrus-to-ovulation interval are essential for estimating the best time to artificially inseminate cattle. Because these parameters are not well characterized in the Nelore breed (Bos indicus), the main purpose of the this study was to determine the estrus-to-ovulation interval in Nelore heifers and cows with natural estrus or with estrus induced by treatments with PGF2 alpha or norgestomet and estradiol valerate (NEV). The cows and heifers were observed continuously (24 h a day) to determine the onset of estrus and to study estrous behavior in the cows. Ten hours after the start of estrus the ovaries were scanned every 2 h by ultrasonography to monitor the dominant follicle until ovulation. Blood samples were collected periodically to determine progesterone levels by RIA. Administration of PGF2 alpha (2 injections, 11 days apart) did not induce estrus in most Nelore females in spite of the presence of functional CL, indicated by progesterone concentrations above 6.0 ng/ml in 25 of 28 animals. Treatment with NEV induced high sexual receptivity in cows (10/11), but only 66% ovulated. Cows with natural or induced estrus exhibited behavioral estrus of 10.9 +/- 1.4 h, and ovulation occurred 26.6 +/- 0.44 h (n = 26) after the onset of estrus. In most of the cows (53.8%) estrus began at night (between 1801 and 600 h), and 34.6% it started and finished during the night. It is concluded that in Nelore females ovulation occurs approximately 26 h after the onset of estrus. Additionally, estrous behavior is shorter than in European breeds, and there is a high incidence of estrus at night, which makes it difficult to detect and, consequently, impairs Al in Nelore cattle. The observation that a high percentage of Nelore females with an active CL did not respond to usual dosages of PGF2 alpha warrants further investigation. (C) 1998 by Elsevier B.V.

The critical barrier to progress in dentine bonding with the etch-and-rinse technique

Objectives: The lack of durability in resin-dentine bonds led to the use of chlorhexidine as MMP-inhibitor to prevent the degradation of hybrid layers. Biomimetic remineralisation is a concept-proven approach in preventing the degradation of resin-dentine bonds. The purpose of this study is to examine the integrity of aged resin-dentine interfaces created with a nanofiller-containing etch-and-rinse adhesive after the application of these two approaches.Methods: The more established MMP-inhibition approach was examined using a parallel in vivo and in vitro ageing design to facilitate comparison with the biomimetic remineralisation approach using an in vitro ageing design. Specimens bonded without chlorhexidine exhibited extensive degradation of the hybrid layer after 12 months of in vivo ageing.Results: Dissolution of nanofillers could be seen within a water-rich zone within the adhesive layer. Although specimens bonded with chlorhexidine exhibited intact hybrid layers, water-rich regions remained in those hybrid layers and degradation of nanofillers occurred within the adhesive layer. Specimens subjected to in vitro biomimetic remineralisation followed by in vitro ageing demonstrated intrafibrillar collagen remineralisation within hybrid layers and deposition of mineral nanocrystals in nanovoids within the adhesive.Conclusions: The impact was realized by understanding the lack of an inherent mechanism to remove water from resin-dentine interfaces as the critical barrier to progress in bonding with the etch-and-rinse technique. The experimental biomimetic remineralisation strategy offers a creative solution for incorporating a progressive hydration mechanism to achieve this goal, which warrants its translation into a clinically applicable technique. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Amastigotes forms of Trypanosoma cruzi detected in a renal allograft

Detecção de formas amastigotas do Trypanosoma cruziem enxerto renalA doença de Chagas é zoonose transmitida pelo Trypanosoma cruzi, o qual apresenta duas formas distintas no hospedeiro vertebrado, a tripomastigota circulante e a amastigota tecidual. Esta última parasita freqüentemente os tecidos musculares cardíaco, liso e estriado, e o tecido nervoso. Até o presente momento nunca foram detectados formas amastigotas em parênquima renal. O presente relato descreve, pela primeira vez, a detecção de formas amastigotas do T. cruzi em parênquima renal em receptor de enxerto de rim, com testes sorológicos negativos para a doença de Chagas e ausência de transfusões prévias, observado 1 mês após o transplante renal com doador cadáver proveniente de região endêmica. O paciente desenvolveu doença de Chagas aguda com detecção de formas tripomastigotas circulantes. Como a única forma de transmissão desta zoonose pelo enxerto é através de órgão parasitado com formas amastigotas, sugere-se fortemente que o rim transplantado foi o responsável pela transmissão da doença de Chagas, no presente caso. Esta é a via de infecção que deve ser levada em consideração em transplantes nas áreas endêmicas

Evaluation of anionic collagen membranes in the treatment of class II furcation lesions: an histometric analysis in dogs

This study aims to evaluate the effect of using anionic collagen membranes in guided tissue regeneration treatment of Class II furcation lesions in dogs. The defects were created in the buccal furcation of 16 mandibular premolars of four dogs. After 56 days without plaque control, the sites were scaled and divided into two groups according to the treatment applied: control sites, open flap debridement; and test sites, guided tissue regeneration treatment. The animals were killed after 3 months. Histological and histometrical analyses showed that the collagen membrane was better than open flap debridement in terms of newly formed cementum and epithelial migration prevention. It provided effective blockade of epithelial tissue and promoted regeneration of lost periodontal tissues, suggesting that the membrane warrants further study. (C) 1997 Elsevier B.V. Limited. All rights reserved.

Elastic system of the rat ventral prostate and its modifications following orchiectomy

BACKGROUND. The extracellular matrix (ECM) has important roles in prostatic development, and marked stromal changes take place in the rat ventral prostate (VP) after androgen deprivation. However, little knowledge exists about individual ECM components.METHODS. The distribution of elastic fibers (EF) and elastic-related fibers (ERF) in the VP of castrated and control rats was investigated, using histochemistry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).RESULTS. EF are barely detected in the prostatic stroma, but ERF are relatively abundant. Castration results in a relative increase in the number and thickness of ERF. TEM showed an open network of ECM microfibrils throughout the stroma and thin and short EF, which increase in number and thickness after orchiectomy.CONCLUSIONS. The presence of elastic system components in the rat VP warrants the deformability required for the secretion exclusion under the action of smooth muscle cells, and the castration-induced modification may be related to the contraction of the tissue and maintenance of peculiar arrangements of other ECM components. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Dietary fish oil replacement with lard and soybean oil affects triacylglycerol and phospholipid muscle and liver docosahexaenoic acid content but not in the brain and eyes of surubim juveniles Pseudoplatystoma sp

Triplicate groups of juvenile suribim were fed for 183 days one of four different isonitrogenous (47.6% crude protein) and isolipidic (18.7% lipid) diets formulated using three different lipid sources: 100% fish oil (FO, diet 1); 100% pig lard (L, diet 2); 100% soybean oil (SO, diet 3), and FO/L/SO (1:1:1, w/w/w; diet 4). The tissue levels of fatty acids 18:2n - 6 and 18:3n - 3 decreased relative to corresponding dietary fatty acid values. The 20:5n - 3 and 22:6n - 3 composition of muscle and liver neutral lipids were linearly correlated with corresponding dietary fatty acid composition. In contrast, the 22:6n - 3 composition of the brain and eye were similar among treatments. The 22:6n - 3 level was enriched in all tissues, particularly in the neural tissues. Similar results were observed for tissue polar lipids: fatty acids content reflected dietary composition, with the exception of the 22:6n - 3 level, which showed enrichment and no differences between groups. Given these results, the importance of the biochemical functions (transport and/or metabolism) of 22:6n - 3 in the development of the neural system of surubim warrants further investigation. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.

Action of dwarf mucuna, pigeon pea and stylos anthes on weed under field and laboratory conditions

The quality and allelopathy properties of dwarf mucuna, dwarf pigeon pea and stylosanthes as cover crops on corn and weed species were evaluated. Seeds were sown in October 2007, with a control treatment, in 20 plots of 4×5m, with five replicates. Weed population was determined 30 and 60 days after sowing. At 90 days, plants were mowed and the residues left to remain on the plot. Fresh and dry mass of the cover crops were determined and the allelopathic potential of aqueous extract of their aerial part was tested. The extract was chemically characterized and applied on seeds of weeds and corn. The experimental design was completely randomized and averages compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% significance. The cover crops showed to be effective in the control of weeds. The highest values in fresh and dry mass were obtained for dwarf pigeon pea, followed by dwarf mucuna; fresh mass increased 72 and 34%, respectively, compared to the control. The extract with dwarf mucuna affected arrowleaf sida germination. The use of green manure in the summer or between harvests ensures that crop rotation is carried out properly and warrants its benefits.

Stress susceptibility in pigs supplemented with ractopamine

Ractopamine is a β-adrenergic agonist used as an energy repartitioning agent in the diets of finishing pigs. Most ractopamine studies are limited to evaluations of growth performance and meat quality, and there is little information on the effects of this additive on the behavior and welfare of pigs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate various indicators of stress caused by feeding diets containing ractopamine. One hundred seventy barrows and 170 gilts weighing 107.3 kg were allocated to 30 pens with 10 to 12 barrows or gilts per pen. Pigs were offered 1 of the 3 dietary treatments (0, 5, or 10 mg ractopamine/kg) for 28 d with 5 barrow pens and 5 gilt pens per treatment. Pigs were evaluated for behavior 3 d per week 1 wk before the initiation of the experiment and throughout the experiment. Each pig was classified into 1 of the 13 activities (drinking water, lying alone, lying in clusters, standing, nosing pig, sitting, feeding, biting pig, walking, exploring, running away, playing, and mounting pen mates) and also grouped into 1 of the 3 categories (calm, moving, and feeding themselves) based on those activities. At the end of the experiment, 3 pigs from each pen were slaughtered, and blood samples were collected during exsanguination to determine physiological indicators of stress (cortisol, lactate, and creatine-kinase enzymes). The incidence of skin and carcass lesions was determined at shoulder, loin, and ham. Ractopamine had no effect (P > 0.05) on pig behavior, total number of skin and carcass lesions, or blood concentrations of cortisol or lactate. However, there was an increase (P < 0.05) of creatine kinase concentrations in pigs receiving ractopaminesupplemented feed. This finding is consistent with the concept that ractopamine may cause muscular disorders, and this warrants further investigation. © 2013 American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved.

Implantes do sistema T. F. (Tissue functional) em alvéolos imediatamente após exodontia com e sem membrana de osso bovino: estudo histológico em cães

Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOA

A Novel Chemically Modified Curcumin Reduces Severity of Experimental Periodontal Disease in Rats: Initial Observations

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Treatment of Atrophic Mandibular Fractures with the Pencilboneplate: Report of 2 Cases

The incidence of fractures of the atrophic edentulous mandible is still low, even with the increasing life expectancy. The reduced blood supply of the sclerotic bone, the diminished contact area between bone fragments and the patient’s systemic condition makes the treatment of those fractures a challenge for any professional. Treatment of atrophic mandibular fractures by means of miniplate osteosynthesis has not been the preferred method of fixa- tion by many authors. Yet, many surgeons have applied this type of fixation for the atrophied jaw sections. This paper reports 2 cases of fractured atrophic mandibles treated with the pencilboneplate, a monocortical 2.0 mm titanium, 8 or 10-hole hardware with reinforcement on its middle portion, highlighting important considerations of its use. The pencilboneplate appears to be a valuable option for the treatment of atrophic mandibular fractures, espe- cially by an intra-oral approach, and warrants further bio- mechanical and clinical studies.

Differentiation and species status of the Neotropical yellow-eared bats Vampyressa pusilla and V. thyone (Phyllostomidae) with a molecular phylogeny and review of the genus

A systematic re-evaluation of Vampyressa pusilla warrants the elevation of V. p. thyone from subspecies to species rank based on its distinction from the allopatric V. p. pusilla. Morphological, mensural, chromosomal, and mitochondrial differences define each of these two taxa as divergent lineages. Vampyressa pusilla is endemic to the Atlantic Forest of southeastern South America and V. thyone is found allopatrically in northwestern South America, Central America, and southern Mexico. A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the mtDNA ND3-4 gene region using restriction endonuclease cut sites resulted in a monophyletic, although weakly supported Vampyressa ingroup with Chiroderma, and a clade of Mesophylla and Ectophylla as successive basal outgroup lineages. The phylogeny within Vampyressa, with the exception of V. melissa which is most similar to V. thyone based on karyotypes and morphology, had a topology of ((pusilla + thyone) + ((brocki + nymphaea) + bidens))).

Genes differentially expressed by Mycobacterium tuberculosis after exposure to ruthenium phosphinic compound and isoniazid

Background- The evaluation of the effects of new compounds and nonconventional anti-tuberculous drugs have grown and become increas-ingly more popular in recent years. Studies have shown anti-tuberculous activity for Ruthenium complexes, including organometallic com-pounds containing phosphine ligands such as picolinic acid generating great expectations and hopes. Methods- The Representational Difference Analysis (RDA) was applied in order to gain insight about differences in expression of Mycobacte-rium tuberculosis H37Rv exposed to [Ru(dppb)(pic)(bypy)] PF6 (SCAR1) and isoniazid (INH). Total RNA was extracted from the bacillus not exposed and exposed to SCAR1 and INH separately at concentration of MIC for 12 hours at 35°C. RDA was carried out and differentially expressed products were sequenced. Results- RDA-sequencing identified, for both compounds, orthologs that encode hypothetical and predict proteins. One related cell wall syn-thesis gene, identified by RDA, and genes related to INH target as inhA, katG and ahpC had their expression confirmed and quantified by real-time PCR. The gene encoding the cell wall associated hydrolase was induced 4.627 and 1.189, inhA 0.983 and 1.027, katG 1.111 and 1.345 and ahpC 1.063 and 1.039 fold after exposure to SCAR1 and INH respectively, compared to not exposed growth. Conclusion- The RDA brings, for the first time, directions to study related genes with metabolic pathways of SCAR1. RDA and Real-Time PCR highlight the idea that one of the SCAR1 interaction, in M tuberculosis may be in the cell wall biosynthesis considering the differential expression of a cell wall hydrolase and warrants further investigation.