Parâmetros eletrocardiográficos e valores séricos e urinários de sódio e potássio em cães tratados com furosemida

The serum and urine Na+ and K+ levels and their relationship with electrocardiography characteristics,were studied in 15 male adult mongrel dogs, treated twice-a-day,with 2, 4, 8mg/kg of live weight doses of furosemide and furosemide associated with KCl during 35 days. Urine samples were analyzed weekly in order to determine the Na+ and K+ concentrations and to evaluate the urinary excretion of both cations. Electrocardiography was performed simultaneously, using limb derivations, speed 50mm/sec and calibration of 1 cm corresponding to 1mV. Data showed decreased seric concentrations of Na+ and Ki, increase in Na+ fractional excretion between days 7 and 21 of the treatment, slower heart rate and longer PR, QRS and QT intervals in the ECG. Briefly 2mg/kg furosemide associated with KCl was the most suitable treatment since it induced lesser side effects.

Ostecondrose em bovinos confinados

This paper reports the occurrence of osteochondrosis in feedlot cattle submitted to a high-caloric diet. About 11.6% of the animals showed symptoms that included lameness, tarsal hyperflexion, muscle fasciculations, reluctance to move and delayed recumbency. Necropsy and radiologic examination showed typical lesion of osteochondrosis, including cartilage discontinuity and osseous injury. The diet, age and high grow rate of the animals were considered to he factors in the development of osteochondrosis.

Comparação de marcadores de fase sólida para medir fluxo de matéria seca e matéria orgânica no duodeno

Two external markers (chromic oxide and ytterbium chloride) and two internal markers (indigestible neutral detergent fiber-NDF and indigestible acid detergent fiber-ADF) were compared in order to determine the flow of dry and organic matter in the duodenum. Three steers with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were fed with roughage: concentrate ratios of 80:20 60:40 and 40:60. As these ratios as well as animals and experimental periods did not show significant effects, only markers will be discussed the flow of the duodenal dry matter were 3816.8, 3269.3, 2739.2 and 2713.2g/day and of the organic matter were 3305.1, 2841.6, 2392.2 and 2351.3g/day estimated by chromic oxide, ytterbium chloride, indigestible NDF and indigestible ADF, respectively. The coefficients of ruminal digestion of the dry matter expressed as a percentage of the total digested were 38.8, 57.8, 80.2 and 81.9% and organic matter were 48.4, 65.3 84.8 and 85.7, when estimated by chromic oxide, ytterbium chloride, indigestible NDF and indigestible ADF, respectively. Ir was concluded that different markers lead to different estimation of duodenal flow and indigestible NDF and indigestible ADF are equivalent markers.

Atividade in vitro do danofloxacin e de sete drogas antimicrobianas frente a linhagens de Staphylococcus aureus de mastite bovina

The antimicrobial activity, of danofloxacin, a new 4-fluoroquinolone for exclusive use in Veterinary Medicine, was compared in vitro with other seven drugs against 200 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis. By using the antimicrobial disk diffusion method (Bauer-Kirby), the results showed that the imipenem (100%), trimerhoprim/sulfamethoxazole (98.9%), cefuroxime (97.3%) were the most effective drugs taking into consideration the percentuals of sensitiveness. However, considering the percentuals of the moderately sensitive strains, danofloxacin emerged as the third most active drug. The antimicrobial dilution susceptibility test used to study the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of danofloxacin, characterized its significative antimicrobial activity by showing a close relationship between both concentrations (MIC90%= 18 mu g/ml - MBC90% = 0.23 mu g/ml), as well as a MIC/MBC ratio of 1:1 and 1:2 for most of tested strains.

Tetralogia de Fallot em bovinos

Two cases of tetralogy of Fallot in calves, characterized by cardiac systolic murmur, thoracic palpable thrill, polycythemia, radiographic presence of enlargement of the cardiac silhouette and increased amplitude of P waves, QRS complexes and T waves by eletrocardiography, revealed atrial and ventricular enlargement and hypoxia of the myocardium. Tetralogy of Fallot is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly and difficult to diagnose, but a detailed physical exam followed by complementary exams can help veterinarians to diagnose this condition.

Doping saturation in dye-sensitized solar cells based on ZnO:Ga nanostructured photoanodes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Repetibilidade de resposta superovulatória em vacas de raça Holandesa

The purpose of this study was to estimate the repeatability of transferable embryos in Holstein cows and to evaluate the effects of the year, season and order of the superovulation on the number of total structures, transferable embryos, non-transferable embryos and ovules. Four hundred and eighty-six superovulations were used in the analysis. The year of superovulation affected significantly all traits (P<0.01); however, we did not find effects of the season of the year. Superovulation order affected the total structures (P<0.01) and non-transferable embryos (P<0.05). The repeatability of the transferable embryo was 0.28 +/- 0.05. Positive correlations were found among total structures and transferable embryos (0.73) and total structure and ovule (0.51).

Perfil sorológico anti-Brucella abortus em bezerras vacinadas com amostras B19

The serological profiles of 33 female bovines, vaccinated at three to eight months of age with the B19 standard strain of Brucella abortus, were studied over a period of 728 days, using the following agglutination procedures: plate agglutination, tube agglutination, rose bengal plate and mercaptoethanol test. Maximum levels of antibodies detected reached by the plate agglutination and tube agglutination tests were found between the 14(th) and 42(nd) day, and with mercaptoethanol test, between the 28(th) and 42(nd) day. Anti-Brucella antibodies decreased thereafter. At 182 days after vaccination, five suspected animals and one positive were detected by the plate agglutination test, while by the tube agglutination test, only one animal was suspected and another one was positive. During the same period, positive reactions were found in six animals by means of the mercaptoethanol test, and five positives by the rose bengal test. By means of tube agglutination and plate agglutination tests, the animals became serologically negative at 245 and 273 days, respectively, after the vaccination, based on the rules adopted for the vaccinated animals. Using the mercaptoethanol and rose bengal plate tests, all the animals were found to be negative at 308 days after vaccination.

Estudo preliminar das mastites bovinas nos rebanhos leiteiros da região de Ilha Solteira

Estudaram-se os resultados obtidos no exame clínico da glândula mamária de 3.191 vacas mestiças e no "California Mastitis Test" (CMT) em 12.764 amostras de leite colhidas destes animais, relacionando-os com o estádio de lactação, o número de partos e a localização das afecções. O exame clínico revelou que 50 quartos apresentavam mastite e 231 mostravam-se atrofiados ou afuncionais. A aplicação do CMT indicou alterações de secreção em 1.741 quartos. A localização das afecções nos quartos foi estatisticamente semelhante, o mesmo ocorrendo com a incidência de mastite clínica com relação ao estádio de lactação. Quanto ao número de partos, não houve diferença significativa em relação à incidência de mastite clínica, porém a ocorrência de casos subclínicos foi estatisticamente superior em animais de uma a seis crias. O percentual de quartos afuncionais foi significativamente maior nos animais, acima de quatro partos.

Teores de cobre, ferro, manganês e zinco no fígado e pâncreas de caprinos semi-confinados e confinados

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Ácidos orgânicos e microbiota cecal anaeróbia no controle da infecção experimental de frangos por Salmonella typhimurium e Salmonella enteritidis

The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of organic acids and/or anaerobic cecal microflora (ACM) on systemic and digestive infection of broilers by Salmonella typhimurium and S. enteritidis. ACM was used without previous bacterial identification. The treatment with ACM increased the resistance to Salmonella spp infection. Infection was more evident in caeca, followed by rectum and crop and did not interfere on body weight of broilers. Treated and control groups showed the same degree of infection at the end of the experiment. The use of ACM isolated or combined with acetic acid, reduced the colonization of the chick's digestive system by S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis. Acetic acid added to ACM did not potentiate the reduction of digestive system colonization. Except for the crop, the isolated use of acetic, propionic or formic acids did not reduce S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis, in caeca and rectum. The use of organic acids and ACM had little effect on reduction of caecum pH. The treatment with ACM reduced the quantity of S. enteritidis in the faeces. The reduction of caecum pH did not reduce the quantity of S. enteritidis in faeces. S. enteritidis was much more invasive than S. typhimurium and use of organic acids and ACM had little effect on reduction of systemic infection.

Ação de antibióticos e quimioterápicos sobre alguns agentes baxterianos da mastite bovina, isolados da água utilizada no processo de obtenção do leite

Three strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 73 coagulase negative Staphylococcus and 28 Escherichia coli strains,isolated from water samples from 10 dairy farms, were tested for ''in vitro'' sensitivity to antibiotics and chemotherapeutics. The results showed that all samples isolated presented resistance to at least one active drug tested. The percentage of S. aureus, coagulase negative Staphylococcus and E. coli strains that exhibited resistance to the three active drugs were 100.00%, 84.93% and 71.43%, respectively. These results are important mainly due to the role of water as a vehicle for transmission of mastitis bacterial agents during the milking process.

Efeito da palpação retal e da frequencia de inseminações na fertilidade de éguas inseminadas com sêmen fresco diluído

Forty-two mares were randomly assigned in a 3 x 2 factorial experiment which included three intervals between rectal palpation (6/6h, 12/12h and once a day palpation) and two frequencies of inseminations (daily or every other day). The mares were inseminated with semen from only one stallion, diluted in minimal contamination extender. There were no differences in the conception rate at first cycle, conception/cycle, conception total, efficiency of pregnancy in either system of rectal palpation, independently of the frequency of insemination utilized. Also there were no differences among intervals of rectal palpation concerning the following reproductive characteristics: number of cycles/mare, cycles/pregnant mare, cycles/ pregnancy, pregnancy/cycle, number of inseminations/mare, inseminations/ pregnant mare and insemination/open mare. There were no differences in pregnancy rate at first cycle, pregnancy rate/cycle, pregnancy rate total and efficiency of pregnancy between the two frequency of insemination. However, the frequency of insemination influenced the number of inseminations/mare, number of inseminations/ pregnant mare and inseminations/open mare. The highest values were observed with the mares inseminated daily. Therefore, insemination every other day can be recommended. If necessary the mare may be palpated rectally at intervals of six hours without reducing the pregnancy rate.

Efeitos da rufiação e da manipulação do sistema genital sobre a fertilidade de éguas inseminadas

Estudaram-se os efeitos da rufiação e da manipulação do sistema genital (estocadas) sobre a fertilidade de éguas inseminadas com sêmen fresco (exp. 1) e resfriado/transportado a 14ºC/3,6 horas (exp. 2). No experimento 1 utilizaram-se 42 ciclos de 29 éguas, e no experimento 2, 148 ciclos de 100 éguas, distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos experimentais definidos por um esquema fatorial 2 x 2, com número desigual de repetições, de acordo com o tipo de rufiação utilizado (éguas rufiadas e não rufiadas) e o tipo de manipulação do sistema genital da fêmea no momento da inseminação (estocadas e não estocadas). Em ambos os experimentos não se observou efeito da estimulação sexual da égua sobre a fertilidade. No experimento 2 não se observou efeito da estimulação sexual sobre a dinâmica de crescimento folicular e ovulação.