Cartogramas quantitativos - recursos e restricoes

This paper aims at illustrating the importance of the Thematic Map. Making For the Scientific Areas which are concerned with the issue of spatial representation of the quantified items. At first, the placement of the document definitions such as maps, charts, and cartograms is carried out in order to deal, next, with the fundamental issue for the elaboration of choropleths cartograms what are the determination of the class intervals. A number of criteria have been used for the elaboration of the six choropleths cartograms being making it evident the importance of the criterion to be used in the choice of the class intervals. By considering that there is not a better criterion than another one but, instead, one more adequate for each situation, there becomes evident the need for knowing the resources as well as the restrictions of the various criteria of choice of the class intervals thus avoiding making bad choices or biased ones. -English summary

Evolução e mapeamento do uso da terra, através de imagens aerofotogramétricas e orbitais em Santa Bárbara D'Oeste (SP)

Em Santa Bárbara D'Oeste,SP, foram realizados dois mapeamentos do uso da terra em área de 14.625 ha. No primeiro utilizou-se fotografias aéreas verticais pancromáticas (data de 25/6/78), na escala 1:35.000, e no segundo utilizou-se imagens orbitais do satélite LANDSAT-5 com sensor Thematic Mapper (data de 12/8/91), escala 1: 100.000, nas bandas 3, 4 e 5 e composição colorida 3/4/5. Para auxiliar a confecção desses mapas, obteve-se chaves de interpretação, tanto para as aerofotos como para as imagens orbitais. As fotografias aéreas proporcionaram um maior nível de detalhamento na identificação do uso da terra. A banda 3 e a composição colorida 3/4/5 foram as mais eficientes entre as imagens orbitais. Entre 1978 e 1991, a área de ocorrência de cana-de-açúcar permaneceu a mesma, as áreas de mata e pastagem diminuíram, enquanto que as áreas de reflorestamento e urbana aumentaram. Essa região teve sua capacidade de uso enquadrada, na maior parte, na classe IV: terras mais apropriadas para pastagens ou plantas perenes como a cana-de-açúcar, devendo-se aplicar técnicas intensivas de conservação, e com aptidão baseada em práticas agrícolas que refletem um alto nível tecnológico.

Caracteristicas basicas do material cartografico empregado em atividades agronomicas nas bacias hidrograficas

Covers cartographic aspects related to characterization and map-making of watersheds, in surveys relating to agronomic activities. The recommendations, about scales and others specifications of thematic maps, were established in conformity with the dimension and complexity of watershed. -English summary

Quantificação das classes de erosão por tipo de uso do solo no município de Franca - SP

Impactos ambientais causados pelas atividades agropecuárias sobre o meio rural podem ser constatados quando são analisadas as paisagens da região. Vários estudos demonstraram que informações da paisagem obtidas a partir de imagens fotográficas são indispensáveis para o diagnóstico do processo erosivo do solo, aspecto indispensável no planejamento conservacionista. Neste trabalho, utilizando-se de técnicas de fotointerpretação, foi realizada a quantificação das classes de erosão acelerada no município de Franca - SP, relacionando-as com os tipos de cobertura vegetal. A coleção de fotografias aéreas empregadas foi produzida pela Base Aerofotogrametria e Projetos S.A., com escala aproximada 1:35.000, em outubro de 1990. Elaboraram-se cartas temáticas do uso/ocupação do solo e dos estados erosivos presentes em cada tipo de cobertura vegetal do solo, estabelecendo-se, em seguida, as relações entre a erosão acelerada e os tipos de comunidades vegetais do município de Franca. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que, nesse município, o solo agrícola encontra-se relativamente conservado, apresentando 74,23% da área com erosão laminar ligeira/moderada. Os diferentes usos/ocupações do solo influenciaram de modos distintos na manifestação do processo erosivo.

Dental caries and the nutritional status of preschool children: a spatial analysis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Leituras urbanas: torre de antena de rádio e televisão da TV Cultura e o bairro do Sumaré

Pós-graduação em Artes - IA

Delimitação de unidades ambientais na bacia do Rio Capivara, Botucatu (SP)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Agroclimatic zoning of the state of Minas Gerais for the production of high quality soybean seeds

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Caracterização do meio físico para definição de traçado e manutenção de multidutos na região do Vale do Paraíba

The present study characterizes the physical environment for its fragility and its capacity to support, through geological and geomorphological properties in the study area, concerning primarily with a sustainable environmental planning for the construction and maintenance of buried linear works. The study area is located on a portion of the Paraiba Valley, which is between the latitudes 22 °30' S and 23°00' S and longitudes 44°30' W and 45° 15' W, between cities of Aparecida (SP) and Queluz (SP). The methodology was based in the visual interpretation of TM/Landsat-7 images, using as a criterion the element textural image and its way of organizing space. To do so, it was set five levels of textural density, enabling thus to the partitioning of the area in areas counterparts (Z.H.s). As a result, it was identified 133 Z.H.s. By using the same criterion textural image the following physical properties were classified: Erosion Resistance, Permeability, Plasticity X Brittle, Tropia and Relief Asymmetry for each zone counterpart, and then grouped themselves as they hold all properties equal in Units Geoenvironmental (U.G.s). As a result it was identified 18 U.G.s. The work presents, as a final result, a thematic map with favorable or restrictable sectores to the design of buried linear works. Based on this map, it can be propose traces to buried linear works, analyzing their suitability to the physical environment and reducing the impacts caused to the environment.

Avaliação da degradação da mata ciliar no entorno do rio Corumbataí causada pela expansão urbana de Rio Claro/SP

In most brazilian cities, urban growth has occurred without adequate planning. Consequently, portions of the city were being occupied, often areas unfit for use and occupation of land, causing risks to local residents and decline of urban environmental quality. One of the most frequent problems is the riverbank occupation, causing the deforestation of the riparian vegetation. Given the above, this paper aimed to map the urban sprawl of Rio Claro/SP, as well as riparian vegetation in the vicinity of Corumbataí in the area including the urban area. For this purpose, GIS techniques were used in order to prepare the thematic map of urban expansion, as well as a map of the riparian vegetation through interpretation of aerial photographs in the environment of ARCGIS. From the maps, an analysis of “Plano Diretor” was made in order to verify if the current occupation of urban land meets the stipulations of this legal instrument

Sistema de Informações Geográficas aplicado ao diagnóstico do uso da terra da bacia hidrográfica do Córrego São Caetano - Botucatu (SP)

The study aimed to obtain the land use of the watershed Stream São Caetano - Botucatu (SP), through the satellite image. The cartographic databases were: planialtimetric letter in digital format (IBGE) used in georeferencing, and satellite image. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) -IDRISI Selva was use to perform the image georeferencing and to do the final thematic map. In the software CAD - CartaLinx, it was performed the delimitation of the area under study (boundary, drainage network and areas of use and coverage). The land use of the watershed showed that pasture was the class which occupied most of the area, with 34.51% (1117,94 ha), the remainder of the area was urban (692,19ha), forests (809,79ha), cultures (599,96ha) and a very small part of reforestation (19,53ha). The use of remote sensing and geoprocessing were very satisfactory in the present work. Technologies must be increasingly used in agricultural and environmental studies, because technological tools, such as Geographic Information System (GIS), present speed, efficiency, reliable results, helping in increasing sustainability

Geotecnologia aplicada no estudo e planejamento de ocupação e uso do solo em uma bacia hidrográfica para fins agrícolas e conservacionistas

The study aimed to obtain the land use of the watershed Ribeirão Santo Antonio - São Manuel (SP), through the thematic map of the satellite image. The cartographic databases were planialtimetric letter in digital format used in georeferencing and the satellite image. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) -IDRISI Andes 15.0 was use to perform the image georeferencing and to do the thematic map obtained from the visual interpretation the satellite image. The map of land use showed that the culture of sugar cane occupies most of the area (81.00%), when analyzing the satellite image. This result show us the predominance of agricultural occupation in the region. The thematic map obtained by the classification screen, using GIS, allowed the mapping of land use, generating data that will assist in future planning area recovery. The results of the study showed the efficiency, speed and reliability of the tools used, these being very useful for future projects.

The Relationship between Authors and Main Thematic Categories in the Field of Knowledge Organization: A Bibliometric Approach

This is a study about the relationships between authors and the main thematic categories in the papers published in the last five International ISKO Conferences, held between 2002 and 2010. The aim is to map the domain as ISKO conferences are considered the most representative forum in the field. The published papers are considered to indicate the relationships between authors and themes. The Classification Scheme for Knowledge Organization Error! Bookmark not defined Literature (CSKOL) was used to categorize the papers. The theoretical and methodological foundations of the study can be found in the concept of domain analysis proposed by Hjorland. The analysis of the papers (n=146) led to the identification of the most productive authors, the networks representing the relationships between the authors as also the categories that constitute the primary areas of research.

Geoprocessamento na análise da vulnerabilidade ambiental desencadeada pela monocultura de cana-de-açúcar na bacia do distrito Santa Olímpia (Piracicaba/SP)

Sugar cane production is of the utmost importance to the economy of the entire Brazil, due to its multiple utility, being used as the raw material for the manufacture of various items, particularly, sugar and alcohol. In areas of sugarcane monoculture, the appropriate management of soils and water is essential, not only for the maintenance of the quality of the environment, but also for the quality of life of the population. Among the main impacts generated by the cultivation of sugar cane, stands out the withdrawal of the riparian forest, which is essential to the balance and maintenance of the ecosystem. Before that, the present work aimed at mapping the environmentally vulnerable areas in the basin of a tributary of the Corumbataí river, located in the district Santa Olímpia, in the city of Piracicaba-SP. For the purpose, techniques were used in Geoprocessing, aiming to produce thematic maps of Slope, for the Use and Occupation of Land, of Permanent Preservation Areas (APP), Soil and Geological of the basin of interest. From these mappings, the analysis was performed multi-criteria, which resulted in the Map of Environmental Vulnerability. This mapping environmental assessment of the study area, indicating proposals of practices for the management and conservation of soil and water resources, for the purpose of improving the environmental quality of the analyzed area. In this way, the research of this nature, may help in the decision-making on the part of the governmental bodies as well as civil society