Coffee leaf and stem anatomy under boron deficiency

A deficiência de B é muito comum nos cafezais brasileiros, mas as respostas do cafeeiro ao B têm sido erráticas, dependendo do ano, do modo e época de aplicação e, ainda, da fonte de B empregada. Um melhor entendimento dos efeitos do B na fisiologia e anatomia do cafeeiro é importante para o desenvolvimento de um programa racional de adubação boratada, uma vez que a anatomia da planta pode influenciar a translocação do nutriente. Neste experimento, plantas de dois cultivares foram cultivadas em soluções nutritivas com 0,0 (deficiente), 5,0 (adequado) e 25,0 µM (alto) de B. Quando os primeiros sintomas de deficiência apareceram, as folhas foram cortadas e tiveram suas paredes celulares isoladas e analisadas quanto aos teores de B e Ca. Cortes foram feitos em folhas novas e no ápice de ponteiros e fotografados em microscópio eletrônico de varredura. A resposta dos dois cultivares ao B foi semelhante, não tendo sido observados sintomas de toxidez. O teor de B nas paredes celulares foi aumentado com o incremento da concentração desse elemento na solução, enquanto o teor de Ca não foi afetado. A relação Ca/B decresceu com o aumento da concentração de B na solução. Com deficiência de B, os tecidos vasculares foram desorganizados e as paredes do xilema ficaram mais finas. Folhas de café com deficiência deste nutriente apresentaram menos estômatos, os quais se encontravam.

STEM ANATOMY and DEVELOPMENT of SUCCESSIVE CAMBIA IN THE NEOTROPICAL LIANA SECURIDACA RIVINIFOLIA (POLYGALACEAE)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Stem anatomy of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. treated with different plant growth regulators

The effects of plant growth regulators GA(3) 50 mg. L-1, NAA 100 mg. L-1, CCC 1500 mg.L-1 and SADH 3000 mg.L-1 on stem anatomy of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv. Angela Gigante were studied. Two sets of experiments were carried out in greenhouse during two separte periods. Anatomical studies,revealed that growth promoters induced increased xylem thickness and increased the number of tracheary elements while the growth retardants decreased xylem thickness and induced fiber formation.

Stem anatomy of Pennisetum purpureum schum. (Poaceae) cultivars

Elephant-grass is known like a great feed to dairy and beef cattle al tropical regions. Its agricultural aspects have been very observed. However, its botanical, mainly anatomical characteristics are few studied. The objective of this work was to investigate the anatomical changes occurred in stems of three elephant-grass cultivars (ROXO, EMPASC 307 TESTO and EMPASC 309 AREIA) at three stages of plant development (4, 8 and 16 weeks after sprouting). The anatomical features were similar among cultivars. When stems were young (4 weeks), a disorganization of vascular bundles were detected. However, at 8 weeks stage the were organized as a definitive form. Was observed a magnified of lignification as the stems age, mainly caused by the increased of bundles sheaths that surrounds all vascular bundles.

Leaf and stem anatomy of Vochysiaceae in relation to subfamilial and suprafamilial systematics

Several leaf anatomical features are potentially systematically informative within both the family Vochysiaceae and the order Myrtales, notably tracheoidal idioblasts, mucilage cells and secretory canals. Tracheoids with spiral wall thickenings are present in the mesophyll of most species of Vochysia, and also occur in several other families of Myrtales. Mucilage cells are common in the leaf epidermis in some Vochysiaceae. Secretory ducts are present in the midrib in Salvertia and Vochysia, which are apparently closely related, although Salvertia also shares some leaf anatomical characters with Qualea and Callisthene. Anatomical data do not support the segregation of Ruizterania from Qualea; leaves of R. albiflora leaves are very similar to those of Q. paraensis in venation pattern, and leaf and stem anatomy. Different venation patterns are characteristic of sections within the genus Qualea, but within the large genus Vochysia, leaf anatomy is variable even within a subsection. Amongst other Myrtales, leaf anatomy of Vochysiaceae most closely resembles that of Combretaceae and Onagraceae. © 2002 The Linnean Society of London.

Stem anatomy and development of successive cambia in Hebanthe eriantha (Poir.) Pedersen: A neotropical climbing species of the Amaranthaceae

Hebanthe eriantha (Poir.) Pedersen, a climbing species of the Amaranthaceae increases in stem thickness by forming successive cambia. The family is dominated by herbaceous species and is constantly under discussion due to its disputed nature of the meristem. In the young stem small alternate segments of vascular cambium cease to divide and new arc of cambium initiates outside to it. The newly formed arcs connect with pre-existing alternate segments of cambium to complete the ring. On the contrary, in thick stems, instead of small segments, complete ring of cambium is replaced by new one. These new alternate segments/cambia originate from the parenchyma cells located outside to the phloem produced by previous cambium. Cambium is storied and exclusively composed of fusiform initials while ray cells remain absent at least in the early part of the secondary growth. However, large heterocellular rays are observed in 15-mm diameter stems but their frequency is much lower. In some of the rays, ray cells become meristematic and differentiate into radially arranged xylem and phloem elements. In fully grown plants, stems are composed of several successive rings of secondary xylem alternating with secondary phloem. Secondary xylem is diffuse-porous and composed of vessels, fibres, axial parenchyma while exceptionally large rays are observed only in the outermost regions of thick stems. Vessel diameter increases progressively from the centre towards the periphery of stems. Although the origin of successive cambia and composition of secondary xylem of H. eriantha remains similar to other herbaceous members of Amaranthaceae, the occurrence of relatively wider and thick-walled vessels and large rays in fully grown plants is characteristic to climbing habit. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Wien.

Comparative wood anatomy of root and stem in Styrax camporum (Styracaceae)

Styrax camporum Pohl is a shrub common in the cerrado vegetation of south-eastern Brazil. Root and stem wood in Styrax camporum differ quantitatively and qualitatively. Quantitative differences follow normal expectations: roots have wider and longer vessel elements, a lower vessel frequency, a lower ray frequency, and wider rays. Qualitative features of the roots are: simple perforation plates, vestured pits, and septate libriform fibres; qualitative features of the stems are: multiple perforation plates, non-vestured pits, and non-septate fibre-tracheids. Based on generally accepted evolutionary trends, root wood of Styrax camporum has more specialized features than stem wood. Additional comparative studies of stem and root anatomy are needed to determine if such differences between root and stem anatomy are widespread, and consistent with the lines of specialization observed in monocotyledons.

Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes) L. R. Landrum (Myrtaceae): stem and leaf anatomy of a medicinal plant

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(CNPq)

Adaptações morfoanatômicas de Cyperaceae ao ambiente aquático

No ecossistema aquático há uma faixa de umidade gradiente no solo que interfere diretamente na ocupação das espécies à margem da lâmina de água. Essa zonação ecológica reflete os graus de adaptação que as plantas apresentam para tolerar o alagamento ou a dessecação. O presente trabalho visou apresentar a análise morfoanatômica de cinco espécies de Cyperaceae encontradas em diferentes zonas no entorno da represa Alagados, em Ponta Grossa-PR, Brasil: Cyperus giganteus, Rhynchospora corymbosa var. aspérula, Cyperus densicaespitosus, Cyperus rigens e Eleocharis sp. Estruturas caulinares e foliares das cinco espécies de Cyperaceae foram analisadas a partir de cortes histológicos. Concluiu-se que, das cinco plantas analisadas, somente três caracterizam-se como plantas aquáticas, sendo duas classificadas como plantas emergentes e uma como submersa fixa devido às características adaptativas que apresentam para obter sucesso nesse ambiente.

Discrimination of millipedes by the opossum Didelphis albiventris (Marsupialia, Didelphidae)

Millipedes are toxic preys for many vertebrates. Two individuals of the opossum species D. albiventris were videorecorded when feeding on the millipedes G. olivaceus and L. dentellus. Data were compared with feeding behavior on Tenebrio larvae. The opossums are resistant to intoxication by millipedes. Although chemical defenses of the millipedes were not effective against the opossum predation, they make them less attractive.

Anatomia do caule de Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill., submetido a diferentes tratamentos com reguladores vegetais

The effects of plant growth regulators GA3 50 mg. L-1, NAA 100 mg. L-1, CCC 1500 mg.L-1 and SADH 3000 mg.L-1 on stem anatomy of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv. Ângela Gigante were studied. Two sets of experiments were carried out in greenhouse during two separte periods. Anatomical studies , revealed that growth promotors induced increased xylem thickness and increased the number of tracheary elements while the growth retardants decreased xylem thickness and induced fiber formation.

Morfo-anatomia do eixo vegetativo aéreo de Achyrocline alata (Kunth) DC. (Asteraceae)

Achyrocline alata occurs in a dense and low vegetation in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil and it has been studied under physical-chemical and yield aspects, being scarce anatomical data. The present work has as objective the study of the aerial vegetative axis. Stem is cylindrical and hairy, having five wings, which are arisen from their leaves. The blade shows the presence of uniseriate epidermis, which is covered by the cuticle of variable thickness; and non-glandular and glandular trichomes. The non-glandular trichomes are uniseriate and multicellular and have their apex cell in whip form, while the glandular trichomes are multicellular, uniseriate or biseriate. The mesophyll is dorsiventral with uni-stratified palisade parenchyma in most of the cases and lacunal parenchyma formed by three to four layers of irregular cells. Only one collateral vascular bundle occurs in the midvein. Stem in transversal section is covered by epidermis with trichomes similar to leaves; the cortex is constituted by a discontinuous area of angular collenchyma, which is followed by chlorophyll parenchyma. Vascular cylinder that is delimited by pericycle shows vascular bundles of collateral type. In the secondary structure, the periderm is originated from epidermal and subepidermal tissues. In vascular region, the fascicular cambium differs into secondary xylem and phloem, while interfascicular cambium produces sclerenchymatous tissue.

Aspectos anatômicos, fisiológicos e bioquímicos da enxerta de maracujazeiros sobre Passiflora cincinnata Mast

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

New petrified calamitaleans from the Permian of the Parnaiba Basin, central-north Brazil. Part I

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Comparative bark anatomy of root and stem in Styrax camporum (Styracaceae)

The bark of Styrax camporum Pohl (Styracaceae) differs anatomically in the root and stem. Roots have layered secondary phloem; short sieve tubes with simple, transverse or more or less inclined sieve plates; fibres in tangential bands; astrosclereids; wide rays, and a poorly developed periderm. Stems have non-layered secondary phloem; longer sieve tubes with compound, scalariform, inclined sieve plates; sclerified cells and brachyselereids; a developed periderm, and a non-persistent rhytidome. Prismatic crystals, starch grains, phenolic compounds and lipidic contents were observed in root and stem bark cells. The differences between the secondary phloem of root and stem are discussed.