Pneumonias

Pneumonia is an infectious disease with great morbidity and mortality worldwide. According to the current guidelines recommendations the authors reviewed the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). In this paper will be presented data about etiology, clinics and diagnostic tools. © Copyright Moreira Jr. Editora.

A Discussion Related to Orbit Determination Using Nonlinear Sigma Point Kalman Filter

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Positronium impact excitation of hydrogen molecule to B-1 Sigma(+)(u) and b(3)Sigma(+)(u) states

Calculation for the electronic excitation of the ground state of H-2 to B (1) Sigma(u)(+) and b(3) Sigma(u)(+) states by positronium- (Ps) atom impact has been carried out using the first Born approximation considering discrete Ps excitations up to n = 6 and Ps ionization in the final state. To include the effect of electron exchange, we propose an alternative approximation scheme in the light of the Rudge approach, which takes into account the composite nature of the Ps-atom projectile.

Combinatorial identities and quantum state densities of supersymmetric sigma models on N-folds

There is a remarkable connection between the number of quantum states of conformal theories and the sequence of dimensions of Lie algebras. In this paper, we explore this connection by computing the asymptotic expansion of the elliptic genus and the microscopic entropy of black holes associated with (supersymmetric) sigma models. The new features of these results are the appearance of correct prefactors in the state density expansion and in the coefficient of the logarithmic correction to the entropy.

N=2 sigma models for Ramond-Ramond backgrounds

Using the U(4) hybrid formalism, manifestly N = (2,2) worldsheet supersymmetric sigma models are constructed for the type-IIB superstring in Ramond-Ramond backgrounds. The Kahler potential in these N = 2 sigma models depends on four chiral and antichiral bosonic superfields and two chiral and antichiral fermionic superfields. When the Kahler potential is quadratic, the model is a free conformal field theory which describes a flat ten-dimensional target space with Ramond-Ramond flux and non-constant dilaton. For more general Kahler potentials, the model describes curved target spaces with Ramond-Ramond flux that are not plane-wave backgrounds. Ricci-flatness of the Kahler metric implies the on-shell conditions for the background up to the usual four-loop conformal anomaly.

Lambda c(+), Sigma(c), and Lambda(b) hypernuclei in the quark-meson coupling model

Charmed (and bottom) hypernuclei are studied in the quark-meson coupling (QMC) model. This completes systematic studies of charmed (Lambda(c)(+), Sigma(c), Xi(c)), and Lambda(b) hypernuclei in the QMC model. Effects of the Pauli blocking due to the underlying quark structure of baryons, and the Sigma(c)N-Lambda(c)N channel coupling are phenomenologically taken into account at the hadronic level in the same way as those included for strange hypernuclei. Our results suggest that the Sigma(c)(++) and Xi(c)(+) hypernuclei are very unlikely to be formed. while the Lambda(c)(+), Xi(c)(0) and Lambda(b) hypernuclei are quite likely to be formed. For the Sigma(c)(+) hypernuclei, the formation probability is non-zero, though small. A detailed analysis is also made about the phenomenologically introduced Pauli blocking and channel coupling effects for the Sigma(c)(0) hypernuclei.

Black hole entropy associated with the supersymmetric sigma model

By means of an identity that equates the elliptic genus partition function of a supersymmetric sigma model on the N-fold symmetric product (SX)-X-N of X ((SX)-X-N=X-N/S-N, where S-N is the symmetric group of N elements) to the partition function of a second-quantized string theory, we derive the asymptotic expansion of the partition function as well as the asymptotic for the degeneracy of spectrum in string theory. The asymptotic expansion for the state counting reproduces the logarithmic correction to the black hole entropy.

Consistency of superspace low energy equations of motion of 4D Type II superstring with Type II sigma model at tree-level

We derive the torsion constraints and show the consistency of equations of motion of four-dimensional Type II supergravity in superspace. with Type II sigma model. This is achieved by coupling the four-dimensional compactified Type II Berkovits' superstring to an N = 2 curved background and requiring that the sigma-model has superconformal invariance at tree-level. We compute this in a manifestly 4D N = 2 supersymmetric way. The constraints break the target conformal and SU(2) invariances and the dilaton will be a conformal, SU(2) x U(1) compensator. For Type II superstring in four dimensions, worldsheet supersymmetry requires two different compensators. One type is described by chiral and anti-chiral superfields. This compensator can be identified with a vector multiplet. The other Type II compensator is described by twist-chiral and twist-anti-chiral superfields and can be identified with a tensor hypermultiplet. Also, the superconformal invariance at tree-level selects a particular gauge, where the matter is fixed, but not the compensators. After imposing the reality conditions, we show that the Type II sigma model at tree-level is consistent with the equations of motion for Type II supergravity in the string gauge. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.

Measurement of the ratio of inclusive cross sections sigma(p(p)over-bar -> Z plus b jet)/sigma(p(p)over-bar -> Z plus jet) at root s=1.96 TeV

Using the data collected with the D0 detector at root s=1.96 TeV, for integrated luminosities of about 180 pb(-1), we have measured the ratio of inclusive cross sections for p(p) over bar -> Z+b jet to p(p) over bar -> Z+jet production. The inclusive Z+b-jet reaction is an important background to searches for the Higgs boson in associated ZH production at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. Our measurement is the first of its kind, and relies on the Z -> e(+)e(-) and Z ->mu(+)mu(-) modes. The combined measurement of the ratio yields 0.021 +/- 0.005 for hadronic jets with transverse momenta p(T)> 20 GeV/c and pseudorapidities vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.5, consistent with next-to-leading-order predictions of the standard model.

Measurement of sigma(p(p)over-bar -> Z)center dot Br(Z ->tau tau) at root s=1.96 TeV

We present a measurement of the cross section for Z production times the branching fraction to tau leptons, sigma.Br(Z ->tau(+)tau(-)), in p (p) over bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV in the channel in which one tau decays into mu nu(mu)nu(tau), and the other into hadrons+nu(tau) or e nu(e)nu(tau). The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 226 pb(-1) collected with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. The final sample contains 2008 candidate events with an estimated background of 55%. From this we obtain sigma.Br(Z ->tau(+)tau(-)) = 237 +/- 15(stat)+/- 18(sys)+/- 15(lum)pb, in agreement with the standard model prediction.

Measurement of sigma(p(p)over-bar -> Z plus X)Br(Z -> tau(+)tau(-)) at root s=1.96 TeV

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Measurement of three-jet differential cross sections d sigma(3jet)/dM(3jet) in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Measurement of the ratio of inclusive cross sections sigma(p(p)over-bar -> Z plus b-quark jet)/sigma(p(p)over-bar -> Z plus jet) at root s=1.96 TeV

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

A theoretical study of the A(2)Sigma(+)-X-2 Pi system of the SiP molecule

The A (2)Sigma(+) and X(2)Pi electronic states of the SiP species have been investigated theoretically at a very high level of correlation treatment (CASSCF/MRSDCI). Very accurate potential energy curves are presented for both states, as well as the associated spectroscopic constants as derived from the vib-rotational energy levels determined by means of the numerical solution of the radial Schrodinger equation. Electronic transition moment function, oscillator strengths, Einstein coefficients for spontaneous emission, and Franck-Condon factors for the A(2)Sigma(+)-X(2)Pi system have been calculated. Dipole moment functions and radiative lifetimes for both states have also been determined. Spin-orbit coupling constants are also reported. The radiative lifetimes for the A(2)Sigma(+) state, taking into account the spin-orbit diagonal correction to the X(2)Pi state, decrease from a value of 138 ms at v' = 0 to 0.48 ms at v' = 8, and, for the X(2)Pi state, from 2.32 s at v = 1 to 0.59 s at v = 5. Vibrational and rotational transitions are expected to be relatively strong.

Contribuições do Seis Sigma: estudos de caso em multinacionais

A literatura sugere que o Seis Sigma trouxe contribuições sob vários aspectos, tanto no âmbito da gestão da qualidade como também da gestão estratégica. No entanto, ainda há certa escassez de informações sobre esse assunto no cenário organizacional brasileiro. Este artigo visa reduzir essa carência da literatura, mostrando uma visão prática sobre as contribuições decorrentes dos investimentos no Seis Sigma para empresas do Brasil. A relevância de requisitos essenciais - como conceito de qualidade; combinação das abordagens estatística e estratégica; sistematização metodológica; formação de especialistas; e gestão de projetos - é discutida tanto em âmbito teórico-conceitual como prático. O método do estudo de caso foi aplicado para obter o embasamento empírico da pesquisa. Os investimentos no Seis Sigma feitos por duas subsidiárias brasileiras de empresas multinacionais norte-americanas (uma de manufatura e uma de serviços) são apresentados e reforçam a relevância dos requisitos supracitados.