Effects of meal size and proximal-distal segmentation on gastric activity

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Scintigraphic validation of AC Biosusceptometry to study the gastric motor activity and the intragastric distribution of food in humans

Abnormal intragastric distribution of food (IDF) and a phasic contractility in the proximal stomach have been related to dyspeptic symptoms. Thus, the behaviour of the stomach and the proximal region, in particular, continues to attract attention and demand for reliable and comfortable techniques. The aims of this study were to employ AC Biosus-ceptometry (ACB) and scintigraphy to evaluate IDF and gastric motor activity in humans. Fifteen healthy volunteers ingested 60 mL of yogurt containing 2 mCi of Tc-99m and 4 g of ferrite. Each volunteer had gastric motility and IDF evaluated twice on separate days; on one occasion by ACB and another by scintigraphy. Digital signal processing was performed in MatLab (Mathworks Inc., Natick, MA, USA). Results were expressed as mean +/- SD. Similar results of distal accumulation time (P < 0.001) were obtained for scintigraphy (6.93 +/- 3.25 min) and for ACB (7.04 +/- 3.65 min). Fast Fourier Transform revealed two dominant frequencies (P > 0.9). Besides the well-know frequency of 3 cpm, our results showed identical frequencies in proximal stomach recordings (P < 0.001) for scintigraphic (1.01 +/- 0.01 cpm) and ACB (0.98 +/- 0.06 cpm). In summary, our data showed that scintigraphy and ACB are promising techniques to evaluate several aspects of gastric motility. Moreover, ACB is non-invasive, radiation-free and deserves the same importance as conventional methods for this kind of analysis.

Distribuição intragástrica de refeições com 60 ml e 180 ml: três segmentações proximal-distal empregando a cintilografia

Pós-graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada - IBB

Stomach fullness modulates prey size choice in the frillfin goby, Bathygobius soporator

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament associated with deformity of the proximal tibia in five dogs

Excessive mechanical stress due to caudal sloping of the tibial plateau may result In early breakdown of the cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL). Five dogs with CrCL rupture associated with caudal sloping of the proximal tibial plateau are described. All were small dogs, of between three and six years of age, with a mean bodyweight of 9.3 kg, which had acute hindlimb lameness. Radiographic examination revealed cranial displacement of the tibia, with a tibial angle varying from 58 to 60 degrees. All cases were treated with a lateral fabellotibial suture and cranial cuneiform osteotomy of the proximal tibia. All dogs were using the operated limb three days after surgery, with normal gait re-established after a mean period of 10 days. Excessive tibial plateau sloping is not a frequent cause of hindlimb lameness In small animals, although it Is Important to consider it as a predisposing factor for rupture of the CrCL.

Morphology of glandular stomach (Ventriculus glandularis) and muscular stomach (Ventriculus muscularis) of the partrigde Rhynchotus rufescens

Vinte perdizes Rhynchotus rufescens adultas foram utilizadas para estudo morfológico do proventrículo e ventrículo gástricos da perdiz Rhynchotus rufescens. Os materiais foram coletados e os comprimentos do proventrículo e do ventrículo gástricos foram avaliados. Para o estudo histológico, fragmentos dos estômagos foram corados pelas técnicas de ácido periódico de Schiff (PAS) e tricromo de Masson. O proventrículo gástrico é alongado, com formato fusiforme direcionado no sentido craniocaudalmente e para a esquerda, e apresenta um comprimento médio 3,20cm nas fêmeas e 3,65cm nos machos. Histologicamente, o proventrículo gástrico é composto por vários lobos e glândulas. A mucosa é formada por epitélio cúbico, sendo bastante pregueada. O ventrículo gástrico tem o formato de uma lente biconvexa, com comprimento médio de 4,30cm nas fêmeas e 4,35cm nos machos. A mucosa é formada por pregas revestidas por células cilíndricas e pelo muco formador da cutícula. Há criptas na base das pregas. em seguida, há uma lâmina própria e uma espessa camada muscular lisa, que se encontra direcionada de acordo com o formato do ventrículo gástrico. A serosa é constituída por uma densa porção de tecido conjuntivo, entremeado por algumas células musculares lisas.

Morphoquantitative aspects of nitrergic myoenteric neurons from the stomach of diabetic rats supplemented with acetyl-L-carnitine

The NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) positive myoenteric neurons from the body of the stomach of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes with or without supplementation with acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) were evaluated. At the age of 105 days the animals were divided into four groups: normoglycaemic (C), normoglycaemic supplemented with ALC (CC), diabetic (D) and diabetic supplemented with ALC (DC). The supplementation with ALC (200 mg/kg body weight/day) to groups CC and DC was made during 105 days. After this period the animals were killed and the stomach removed and subjected to the histochemical technique of NADPH-d for the staining of the neurons of the myoenteric plexus. The area of 500 neurons of each group was investigated, as well as the neuronal density in an area of 23.84 mm(2) in each stomach. ALC promoted reduction (P < 0.05) of fasting glycaemia, water ingestion and areas of the profiles of the cell bodies of the NADPH-d neurons in the diabetic animals. The density of these neurons was not statistically different in the groups studied. It is suggested, therefore, a moderate neuroprotective effect of ALC, because the diminishment of the areas of the neuronal profiles in the supplemented diabetic animals, although being statistically significant relative to the non-supplemented diabetics, was not sufficient to equal the values from the non-diabetic controls.

Quantitative study of the myenteric plexus of the stomach of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes

A proposta deste trabalho foi estudar as alterações morfológicas e quantitativas dos neurônios do plexo mientérico do estômago de ratos com diabetes induzido por estreptozootocina e estabelecer uma comparação com animais não diabéticos. Amostras do corpo do estômago foram submetidas a preparados de membrana corados pelo método da NADH-diaforase e a cortes histológicos corados por hematoxilina-eosina. Observou-se que o diabetes provoca significante redução no número de neurônios.

Luxação aguda isolada da articulação tibiofibular proximal

A luxação traumática isolada da articulação tibiofibular proximal é rara. Esta lesão pode não ser reconhecida ou diagnosticada no atendimento inicial. A ausência de suspeita clínica pode causar problemas para o diagnóstico. O diagnóstico necessita de história precisa do mecanismo e sintomas da lesão, avaliação clínica e radiográfica adequada de ambos joelhos. Casos não reconhecidos são fonte de alterações crônicas. O tratamento é feito por redução fechada e imobilização ou, em casos irredutíveis ou instáveis, redução aberta com fixação interna temporária. Um caso raro de luxação tibiofibular proximal isolada em um jogador de basquetebol é relatado para ilustrar essa lesão.

Magnetic images of the disintegration process of tablets in the human stomach by ac biosusceptometry

Oral administration of solid dosage forms is usually preferred in drug therapy. Conventional imaging methods are essential tools to investigate the in vivo performance of these formulations. The non-invasive technique of ac biosusceptometry has been introduced as an alternative in studies focusing on gastrointestinal motility and, more recently, to evaluate the behaviour of magnetic tablets in vivo. The aim of this work was to employ a multisensor ac biosusceptometer system to obtain magnetic images of disintegration of tablets in vitro and in the human stomach. The results showed that the transition between the magnetic marker and the magnetic tracer characterized the onset of disintegration (t(50)) and occurred in a short time interval (1.1 +/- 0.4 min). The multisensor ac biosusceptometer was reliable to monitor and analyse the in vivo performance of magnetic tablets showing accuracy to quantify disintegration through the magnetic images and to characterize the profile of this process.

Impact of proximal cytoplasmic droplets on quality traits and in-vitro embryo production efficiency of cryopreserved bull spermatozoa

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Ultrastructural features of the glandular region of the stomach of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) with emphasis on the oxyntopeptic cell

The characteristics of the lining and glandular epithelial types of the wall of the stomach of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887) were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Columnar mucous cells were observed in the lining epithelial surface and the glandular epithelium that invaginated in the lamina propria showed secretory cells or oxyntopeptic cells as called by some authors in the literature. The columnar epithelial cells are narrow and show a basal nucleus. They are rich in organelles and contain secretory granules of round or rectangular shape heterogeneously electron dense in the apical portion. In the basal region of the glands there are secretory cells. The luminal half of these cells has abundant tubules (tubulo-vesicular system) that communicate with the external medium. Deeper basally in the cytoplasm there are the nucleus, mitochondria of various shapes and other scattered organelles.

alpha(1)-Adrenoceptors in proximal segments of tail arteries from control and reserpinised rats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Disintegration of magnetic tablets in human stomach evaluated by alternate current Biosusceptometry

Oral administration is the most convenient route for drug therapy. The knowledge of the gastrointestinal transit and specific site for drug delivery is a prerequisite for development of dosage forms. The aim of this work was to demonstrate that is possible to monitor the disintegration process of film-coated magnetic tablets by multi-sensor alternate current Biosusceptometry (ACB) in vivo and in vitro. This method is based on the recording of signals produced by the magnetic tablet using a seven sensors array and signal-processing techniques. The disintegration was confirmed by signals analysis in healthy human volunteers' measurements and in vitro experiments. Results showed that ACB is efficient to characterize the disintegration of dosage forms in the stomach, being a research tool for the development of new pharmaceutical dosage forms. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Validation of ACB in vitro and in vivo as a biomagnetic method for measuring stomach contraction

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)