Lysine and methionine + cystine for laying hens during the post-molting phase

One experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of using different lysine and methionine + cystine levels on body weight recovery, performance, and egg quality of laying hens during the postmolting period. In this trial, 432 Isa Brown layers, with 72 weeks of age, were distributed in 54 cages according to a completely randomized design with six treatments and nine replicates of eight birds each. During the resting period, six diets with different digestible lysine and methionine + cystine levels were used, as follows: 0.48% digestible lysine and 0.43% methionine + cystine; 0.48% digestible lysine and 0.47% methionine + cystine; 0.48% digestible lysine and 0.52% methionine + cystine; 0.56% digestible lysine and 0.50% methionine + cystine; 0.56% digestible lysine and 0.56% methionine + cystine; 0.56% digestible lysine and 0.62% methionine + cystine. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared at by Tukey's test at 5% probability level. The different lysine and methionine + cystine levels in the diets fed during the resting period significantly influenced layer performance. The diet containing 0.56% lysine and 0.56% methionine + cystine promoted higher egg weight eggs during the second production cycle.

Protein content of leaf-cutting ant queens before the nuptial flight and during the post-claustral phase

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeitos de intervenção psicológica preparatória à cirurgia, no processo de adaptação pós-operatório, em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia ortognática

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Neoplasias de língua em cinco cães

Este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar a ocorrência de cinco casos de neoplasias de língua em cães. Os sinais clínicos mais observados foram ptialismo, halitose e hiporexia. Após biópsia excisional para exame histopatológico, os resultados revelaram dois casos de melanoma, um caso de histiocitoma, um caso de fibrossarcoma e um caso de mastocitoma grau II, sendo que neste o proprietário não autorizou qualquer forma de tratamento. O tratamento para os demais foi a glossectomia parcial e, no caso de fibrossarcoma, associou-se a quimioterapia. Dois animais apresentaram deiscência de sutura no pós-operatório, não havendo necessidade da realização de nova intervenção. em relação ao prognóstico, os pacientes com histiocitoma, fibrossarcoma e um com melanoma não apresentaram recidiva, nem metástase da doença 12 meses após a cirurgia. No outro caso de melanoma, o paciente apresentou metástase na pele e nos pulmões 30 dias após a ressecção cirúrgica.

Supplementation of Nellore young bulls on Marandu grass pastures in the dry period of the year

The objective of this study was to evaluate performance and daytime ingestive behavior of 84 Nellore young bulls in the post-weaning phase kept on Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pastures during the dry season. Treatments were protein mineral supplementation (1 g/kg body weight) and protein+energy mineral supplementation (3 g/kg body weight). The experimental area comprised 12 paddocks in a total area of 27.36 ha, divided in two blocks of six paddocks each, having three replications per treatment in each block, with 42 animals/treatment. The data were subjected to variance analysis with repeated measures over time via procedure PROCMIXED of SAS (Statistical Analysis System, version 9.0) and means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability. The initial average weight of animals was 204.8 kg; final weights were 260.9 and 276.9 kg for animals that received protein and protein+energy supplement, respectively. The forage availability, sward height and stocking rate values did not differ with supplementation, but they showed difference between the experimental periods. The average time spent grazing during daylight of animals fed protein+energy supplement was shorter as compared with those which consumed protein supplement. Animals kept under the same pasture conditions during the dry season show better performance when they receive protein+energy supplement than protein supplement.

Comparação econômica da produção de grãos secos e silagem de grãos úmidos de milho cultivado em sistema de plantio direto

No presente trabalho que foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, da Universidade Estadual Paulista em Botucatu, SP, objetivou-se avaliar os custos envolvidos na produção de silagem de grãos úmidos de milho, tendo como referência o processamento seco deste cereal, ambos cultivados em sistema de plantio direto. Para a avaliação foram determinados os custos envolvidos nas operações de máquinas agrícolas, insumos e na etapa de pós-colheita. Os resultados observados permitiram concluir que o custo por hectare para produção de silagem de grãos úmidos foi de R$1.398,06, sendo 8,8% menor do que os custos para produção de milho seco (R$ 1.533,78).

The importance of endogenous nutrition of chicks from divergent strains for growing tested by deutectomy

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Salivary alpha amylase and cortisol levels in children with global developmental delay and their relation with the expectation of dental care and behavior during the intervention

The purpose of this study was to analyze the alpha-amylase (sAA) and cortisol levels in children with Global developmental delay (GDD) before and after dental treatment and its association with the children's behavior during treatment. The morning salivary cortisol levels and activity of sAA of 33 children with GDD were evaluated before and after dental treatment and were compared to 19 healthy children. The behavior of children with GDD during dental care was assessed by the Frankl scale. Children with GDD showed lower levels of sAA activity than healthy children, but this result was not significant. The salivary cortisol levels were similar between GOD and healthy children. GDD children showed increased levels of sAA (but not cortisol) prior to the dental treatment as compared to the post-treatment phase. GOD children who showed less favorable behavior during dental care had higher levels of sAA and salivary cortisol than GOD children with more favorable behavior, but only the sAA results were significant. In conclusion, GOD children show hyperactivity of the SNS-axis in anticipation of dental treatment which indicates the need for strategies to reduce their anxiety levels before and during dental care. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Regulation of Social Hierarchy Over Time in Colonies of the Primitive Eusocial Wasp Mischocyttarus (Monocyttarus) cassununga. Von Ihering, 1903 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Causas da desnutrição pós-gastrectomia

Racional A retirada total ou parcial do estômago resulta em conseqüências nutricionais, agudas ou crônicas, perfeitamente prognosticáveis, mas nem sempre ponderadas na terapia pós-operatória. Objetivo - Rever as participações mecânicas e químicas do estômago no aproveitamento do nutriente dietético, e as conseqüências nutricionais da gastrectomia. Resultados - A deficiência energética, com conseqüente perda de peso, acompanha inversamente o volume gástrico remanescente e o tempo pós-operatório; tem a anorexia e diarréia (má absorção) como principais causas, sendo a primeira decorrente de fatores emocionais ou de mediadores químicos de ação hipotalâmica. A diarréia pode ser decorrente da maior motilidade ou do supercrescimento bacteriano intestinais, com o agravante da insuficiência pancreática exócrina e maior esvaziamento da vesícula biliar. A má absorção traz conseqüências não apenas energética-protéica com a perda fecal de gordura e nitrogênio, como também vitamínico-mineral pelo menor aproveitamento da vitamina D e cálcio dietéticos. A anemia verificada no gastrectomizado é conseqüente à diminuição da produção de HCl (e menor solubilização do ferro) e do fator intrínseco (com menor absorção da vitamina B12). Conclusão - Perda de peso e anemia são os sinais de desnutrição mais comumente observados nestes pacientes, em intensidade e duração variáveis dependentes do tipo de cirurgia e do tempo e tratamento nutricional pós-operatório, sendo recomendável o tratamento dietético supervisionado.

Efeito de deltametrina na biologia de Oligonychus ilicis (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) em laboratório

Estudou-se a oviposição, desenvolvimento, fecundidade e sobrevivência de Oligonychus ilicis (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae), sobre discos de folhas de cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.) submetidos à aplicação do piretróide deltametrina. em laboratório, deltametrina não interferiu no número de ovos postos pelas fêmeas em discos tratados; no período de incubação; na viabilidade dos ovos; e na duração do ciclo biológico da fêmea. em contrapartida, o inseticida causou aumento na duração da fase pós-embrionária (larva-adulto) da fêmea em 17,4% e do macho em 17,2%, duração do ciclo biológico do macho em 0,7%, e afetou a sobrevivência de machos e fêmeas em até 63,9%. As fêmeas descendentes de progênies criadas sobre discos de folhas tratadas com deltametrina apresentaram um aumento de 31,9% na oviposição.

CYTOMETRY AND KARYOMETRY IN TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI

A total of 991 Trypanosoma cruzi cells, from four laboratory stocks, including the three differentiation forms, had their cellular outlines, nuclei and kinetoplasts measured at 9000 x magnification. Data on the identifiable cell cycle stages were used to search for intraspecific and biological cycle heterogeneity.Cellular areas (CA) in the interphasic differentiation forms produced ratios of 1.07 for culture epimastigotes (E), 1 for blood trypomastigotes (T), and 0.86 for tissue forms (A). Homogeneity in terms of nuclear (NA) and kinetoplast (KA) areas prevailed among the stocks, with differences of at most 6%, for modal NA of strains CL and Y. NA of T-form was larger than the basic NA of early G1 A-form. T-form kinetoplast volume was 3-fold that of A-form K-DNA nucleoids.One of the two recently divided kinetoplasts in mitotic E-form did not correlate with CA, indicating that mitochondrial division was unequal. The KA of CL strain T-form did not correlate with NA, suggesting a mitochondrial disfunction in this thermosensitive strain.The CL strain T-form was more heterogeneous than the Y strain for all characters, showing greater frequency of large values, even reaching the G2 levels. This heterogeneity was interpreted as functional, consequent to the thermosensitivity of the CL strain. Precocious bursting of CL strain host cells would lead to the polymorphic T-forms. Post-S phase trypomastigotes could start division soon after penetration of host cells.

Laboratory evaluation of young ovines inoculated with natural or 60Co-irradiated Crotalus durissus terrificus venom during hyperimmunization process

Laboratory profile of young ovines was studied in order to evaluate and compare their antiserum production from natural and Cobalt-60 irradiated Crotalus durissus terrificus (C.d.t.) venoms. The parameters analyzed included complete blood count, and urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, total proteins, albumin and globulin serum measurements. Three groups of six animals each were used. Group 1 (G1) received natural C.d.t. venom; Group 2 (G2) received irradiated C.d.t. venom; and Group 3 (G3) was used as control and did not receive venom, only adjuvants, using seven venom inoculations. During the experimental period, animals were fortnightly weighed. According to clinical and weight evaluation, sheep in post-weaning phase showed no changes in their physiological profiles but had excellent weight gain. The parameters analyzed were not statistically different (p<5%) among the groups tested. The hyperimmunization process was successfully accomplished with the production of specific antibodies against Crotalus durissus terrificus venom. Results bring a new possibility of utilizing ovines in the commercial production of anticrotalic serum, which may be used to treat human and animal envenomation. Its production cost may be reduced by subsequent use of hyperimmunized sheep for human consumption.

Intermittent use of an anchor system improves postural control in healthy older adults

Haptic information, provided by a non-rigid tool (i.e., an anchor system), can reduce body sway in individuals who perform a standing postural task. However, it was not known whether or not continuous use of the anchor system would improve postural control after its removal. Additionally, it was unclear as to whether or not frequency of use of the anchor system is related to improved control in older adults. The present study evaluated the effect of the prolonged use of the anchor system on postural control in healthy older individuals, at different frequencies of use, while they performed a postural control task (semi-tandem position). Participants were divided into three groups according to the frequency of the anchor system's use (0%, 50%, and 100%). Pre-practice phase (without anchor) was followed by a practice phase (they used the anchor system at the predefined frequency), and a post-practice phase (immediate and late-without anchor). All three groups showed a persistent effect 15. min after the end of the practice phase (immediate post-practice phase). However, only the 50% group showed a persistent effect in the late post-practice phase (24. h after finishing the practice phase). Older adults can improve their postural control by practicing the standing postural task, and use of the anchor system limited to half of their practice time can provide additional improvement in their postural control. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Avaliação da metadona e do tramadol sobre analgesia pós-operatória e parâmetros clínicos de cadelas submetidas a ovarioisterectomias e mastectomias

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)