Weed interference on coffee fruit production during a four-year investigation after planting

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Desenvolvimento do feijoeiro sob o uso de biofertilizante e adubação mineral

A produção intensiva de alimentos exige manejo adequado do solo para garantir a produtividade e a sustentabilidade ambiental. Uma das alternativas é a utilização de resíduos orgânicos no desenvolvimento das culturas, diminuindo a dependência de adubos minerais. Com o objetivo de avaliar o desenvolvimento da cultura de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), utilizando biofertilizante e adubação mineral, conduziu-se o experimento com seis tratamentos dispostos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial, em quatro blocos, com parcelas de 8,0 x 5,0 m. Os tratamentos sob solo cultivado com a cultura de feijão caracterizaram-se como: com e sem biofertilizante (CB e SB, respectivamente) e para a adubação mineral foram utilizadas a dose recomendada no plantio, ½ dose de adubação e sem adubação mineral (AM, 1/2AM, SAM). Adotaram-se práticas culturais convencionais para o preparo inicial do solo, e em seguida foi efetuada a aplicação de biofertilizante de origem bovina na dosagem de 100 m³ ha-1, com antecedência de três meses da semeadura. Foram avaliados os parâmetros massa da matéria seca acumulada na parte aérea da planta, área foliar e produtividade da cultura. Os resultados mostraram semelhanças entre as características analisadas, obtendo-se melhor desenvolvimento à cultura que recebeu biofertilizante.

Variables Involved in the Planting of Rice in the Rice Husk

Rice production in Brazil in 2010 was approximately 12,2 million tons, and to reach that amount several planting techniques were used with different strains of rice in different rice-growing areas. Since Rice Husk Ash (RHA) is the pozzolan of vegetable origin most studied by researchers working in the area of pozzolanic materials, the present paper evaluates the influence that the form of planting, the climate, the soil, the strain of rice and the origin/amount of nitrogen-based fertilizers used in rice cultivation has on the chemical composition and crystallographic properties of RHA. The results obtained in this paper, confirm the importance of carrying out routine chemical analysis and X-Ray diffraction to maintain the quality control of the CCAs produced, because in situations of large-scale production, husks of different origins may be used.

Sowing depths of brachiaria in intercropping with corn in no tillage planting

A produção de forragem na integração lavoura-pecuária é de suma importância, tanto para alimentação animal como para formação de palhada para plantio direto. O experimento foi conduzido no outono/inverno de 2009 e 2010, em Selvíria -MS, na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da FEIS/UNESP. O objetivo foi avaliar a profundidade mais adequada para deposição das sementes de duas espécies de braquiárias em consórcio com milho, com ênfase para a produtividade do milho e formação de palha. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 3 x 3, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos principais foram duas espécies de braquiárias (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandú e Urochloa ruziziensis), cujas sementes foram misturadas ao fertilizante do milho, e um tratamento-testemunha (sem consórcio). Os tratamentos secundários constituíram-se em três profundidades (8; 10 e 16 cm) de deposição do fertilizante (em consórcio e na testemunha). Os consórcios de milho com braquiária produziram quantidades de palha semelhantes. A produção total de palha foi maior nos consórcios e nas menores profundidades. O consórcio com U. ruziziensis propiciou maior produtividade de grãos de milho em relação ao com U. brizantha, em 2010. As profundidades de semeadura das forrageiras não afetaram a produtividade de milho.

Clinical Viability for Immediate Loading of Dental Implants: Part II-Treatment Alternatives

The treatment with implants aims to obtain a direct interface between bone and implant. The implant is kept load-free during 4 to 6 months in the 2-stage procedure, which is considered a requisite for osseointegration. However, this period is based on empirical principles and uncomfortable for patient. So, the immediate loading protocol was Suggested to submit implants to occlusal function after placement. This protocol has been applied for several conditions of edentulism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment alternatives for immediate loading of complete and partial edentulous patients. In general, the studies have demonstrated high previsibility for rehabilitation of complete edentulous arches with full-arch, implant-supported prosthesis. The rehabilitation with immediate loading for maxillary overdenture is questionable because there is no longitudinal study in literature. The studies with partial edentulous arches have demonstrated high success rates for implants placed in the mandibular and maxillary anterior region. Additional care is recommended for posterior region mainly in the maxillary arch, and further studies are suggested to corroborate this treatment.

Determination of the optimal quantity of crop residues for energy in sugarcane crop management using linear programming in variety selection and planting strategy

The aim of this work was to present organizational models for optimizing the reduction of crop residue generated by the sugarcane culture. The first model consisted of the selection of varieties of sugarcane to be planted meeting the mill requirements and, at the same time, to minimize the quantity of residue produced. The second model discussed the use of residue to produce energy. This is related to the selection of variety and quantity to be planted, in order to meet the requirements of the mill, to reduce the quantity of residue, and to maximize as much as possible the energy production. The use of linear programming was proposed. The two models presented similar results in this study, and both may be used to define the varieties and areas to be cultivated. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier B.V. Ltd.

Planting of fungus onto hibernating workers of the fungus-growing ant Mycetosoritis clorindae (Attini, Formicidae)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Cr3C2-NiCr and WC-Ni thermal spray coatings as alternatives to hard chromium for erosion-corrosion resistance

Cr3C2-NiCr and WC-Ni coatings are widely used for wear applications at high and room temperature, respectively. Due to the high corrosion resistance of NiCr binder, Cr3C2-NiCr coatings are also used in corrosive environments. The application of WC-Ni coatings in corrosive media is 14 not recommended due to the poor corrosion resistance of the (pure Ni) metallic matrix. It is well known that the addition of Cr to the metallic binder improves the corrosion properties. Erosion-corrosion performance of thermal spray coatings is widely influenced by ceramic phase composition, the size of ceramic particles and also the composition of the metallic binder. In the present work, two types of HVOF thermal spray coatings (Cr3C2-NiCr and WC-Ni) obtained with different spray conditions were studied and compared with conventional micro-cracked hard chromium coatings. Both as-sprayed and polished samples were tested under two erosion-corrosion conditions with different erosivity. Tungsten carbide coatings showed better performance under the most erosive condition, while chromium carbide coatings were superior under less erosive conditions. Some of the tungsten carbide coatings and hard chromium showed similar erosion-corrosion behaviour under more and less erosive conditions. The erosion-corrosion and electrochemical results showed that surface polishing improved the erosion-corrosion properties of the thermally sprayed coatings. The corrosion behaviour of the different coatings has been compared using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization curves. Total material loss due to erosion-corrosion was determined by weight loss measurements. An estimation of the corrosion contribution to the total weight loss was also given. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Quality of mechanized coffee harvesting in circular planting system

A colheita mecanizada de café se destaca como um dos principais avanços tecnológicos em benefício dos produtores, porém, problemas com planejamento no plantio e desenvolvimento da cultura, bem como falhas na regulagem da colhedora, podem acarretar em redução na eficiência da operação, tornando-a mais estressante para a cultura que a colheita manual. Diante disso, o presente trabalho foi realizado no município de Patos de Minas, MG, com o objetivo de avaliar os danos na parte vegetativa e a qualidade da colheita mecanizada do café cultivado em plantio circular sob pivô central, com duas frequências de vibração das hastes, sob o controle estatístico do processo. Observou-se que a bienalidade negativa sobre a cultura reduziram a carga inicial de café, eliminando o efeito das condições de insolação. Os índices de qualidade da colheita apresentaram distribuição assimétrica, com grande variabilidade nas amostras, sendo apenas a eficiência de derriça influenciada pelos eixos avaliados, e se mostrando estável pelo controle estatístico. Os danos causados às plantas pela colheita apresentaram valores desejáveis, não variando em função dos fatores analisados, mas sendo considerado sob controle estatístico.

Planting time, developmental stages and characteristics of roots and starch of Pachyrhizus ahipa

De forma geral, as características do amido variam não somente com a planta de origem, mas também com o estádio de desenvolvimento desta. Neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a influência da época de plantio e estádio de desenvolvimento da planta de ahipa sobre as características físico-químicas das raízes, tamanho de grânulos do amido e suas propriedades viscográficas. Constatou-se influência do estádio de desenvolvimento da planta nas características físico-químicas das raízes e do amido, independentemente da época de plantio. A melhor época para o plantio de Pachyrhizus ahipa é outubro e a colheita deve ser feita no máximo com 9 meses, adotando-se o procedimento de retirada das flores a partir dos 3 meses.

Performance of Cultivars for Production of Green Corn in Different Planting Dates in Passos Region, MG

The aim of this work was evaluating the performance of several cultivars of green corn for consumption 'in natura' in different planting dates. The first planting date was on May 26th, and the others, every 40 days. The hybrids (treatments) were: AG-1051, Agroeste 1567, BM-3061, Prezoto-32D10, PL-6880, BX-1382 and GNZ-2004. The following characteristics were evaluated: production, commercial ears weight without husk, commercial ears number, commercial ears diameter and length, male flowering, plant height and height of ear corn insertion. The cultivars AG1051, Agroeste 1567 and BM 3061 presented the best results compared to the others and they should be used in green corn production for ` in natura' consumption in Passos County, MG.

Alternatives Panels from Waste Plastics Reinforced With Fibers of Pupunha Palm for Use in Civil Construction and Furniture Industry

In order to cooperate in minimizing the problems of the current and growing volume of waste, this work aims at the production of panels made from industrial waste -thermoplastic (Polypropylene - PP; Polyethylene - PE and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene - ABS) reinforced with agro-industrial waste - pupunha palm waste (shells and sheaths). The properties of the panels were evaluated: density, thickness swelling, water absorption and moisture content. It was used the ASTM D1037; EN 317; and ANSI A208.1 standards regarding particle boards. The best results in physical tests were treatments 1 (100% waste plastic), 6 (60% plastic waste and 40% waste of pupunha) and 7 (70% waste plastic and 30% waste of pupunha). The best results in the mechanical tests were treatments 3 (30% de residuos plasticos e 70% de residuos da pupunha), 4 (40% de residuos plasticos c 60% de residuos da pupunha) and 5 (50% de residuos plasticos e 50% de residuos da pupunha). For mechanical tests it was concluded that the results of modulus of rupture and of modulus of elasticity the best treatments were those with more fibers. In the tensile tests perpendicular to the surface, it is clear that using more waste plastics leads to the best results. It was concluded that the waste can be used as raw material for the production of alternative materials mainly in civil construction and furniture industries, and it can be employed in urban or rural environment, given the concept of eco-efficient products.

Alternatives for the Treatment of Schistosomiasis: Physico-Chemical Characterization of an Inclusion Complex Between Praziquantel and Hydroxypropyl-beta-Cyclodextrin

"Alternatives for the Treatment of Schistosomiasis: Physico-Chemical Characterization of an Inclusion Complex Between Praziquantel and Hydroxypropyl-beta-Cyclodextrin". Praziquantel (PZQ) is the drug of choice commonly used for the treatment of shistosomiasis. However, it has low aqueous solubility, which could limit its bioavailability in the body. To circumvent these features, an inclusion complex with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) was prepared. Thus, the objective of this work was to prepare and characterize the PZQ/HP-beta-CD inclusion complex. Morphological, spectroscopic, and calorimetric analysis showed the first signs of the guest/host interaction. The complexation kinetic analysis was used to determine the kinetic constant and, besides that, it was possible to establish the time consumed to reach equilibrium. Using the solubility isotherm, it was observed that the interaction with HP-beta-CD increased 2.4 fold the aqueous solubility of plain PZQ. In vitro cytotoxicity tests, using fibroblast cells, evidenced no toxicity for these cells at the concentrations tested. These results demonstrated that there is a potential use of PZQ in formulations with HP-beta-CD.

The effects of pre-planting refrigeration on bulbs over the development and yield of garlic 'Chines', 'Contestado' and 'Quiteria'

The objective of this research uas to evaluate the effect of five pre-planting refrigeration periods previously to the cloves planting (0,10,20, 30 and 40 days at a temperature of 4.0 ± 1° C and three garlic cultivars ('Chines', 'Contestado' and 'Quiteria') uere used. According to the obtained results it was observed that the best preplanting refrigeration period was dependent upon the cultivar behavior. For the 'Chines' well adapted to the region, there was no effect of the pre-planting refrigeration period up to 30 days after treatment on the plant height, bulb weight, and total bulb production. 'Contestado' the best pre-planting refrigeration period was 40 days however, there was no statistical difference among 30 and 40, days for the 'Quiteria'. For both cultivars pre-planting refrigeration periods under 20 days, there was no clove's formation.