Hermit crabs as bioindicators of recent tributyltin (TBT) contamination

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Physiological and pathophysiological interactions between the respiratory central pattern generator and the sympathetic nervous system

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estudo da atuação dos metais zinco e cádmio sobre os aspectos reprodutivos da espécie Ceriodaphnia dubia geração parental e F1

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Chronic Diseases: Chronic Diseases and Development 2 Health, agricultural, and economic effects of adoption of healthy diet recommendations

Transition to diets that are high in saturated fat and sugar has caused a global public health concern as the pattern of food consumption is a mayor modifiable risk factor for chronic non-communicable diseases Although agri food systems are intimately associated with this transition, agriculture and health sectors are largely disconnected in their priorities policy, and analysis with neither side considering the complex inter relation between agri trade patterns of food consumption health, and development We show the importance of connection of these perspectives through estimation of the effect of adopting a healthy diet on population health, agricultural production trade the economy and livelihoods, with a computable general equilibrium approach on the basis of case studies from the UK and Brazil we suggest that benefits of a healthy diet policy will vary substantially between different populations, not only because of population dietary intake but also because of agricultural production trade and other economic factors

Cádmio, cromo, chumbo e zinco em plantas de milho e em latossolo após nove aplicações anuais de lodo de esgoto

As maiores limitações para o uso do lodo de esgoto em áreas agrícolas são os riscos de contaminação do solo com metais pesados e sua possível transferência para a cadeia alimentar. Objetivou-se, com este estudo, avaliar os teores de Cd, Cr, Pb e Zn no solo, utilizando-se dois métodos de extração (HNO3 + H2O2 + HCl e HClO4 + HF), o acúmulo destes elementos em plantas de milho cultivadas em Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico no nono ano de aplicação de lodo de esgoto, bem como seus efeitos na produção de matéria seca e na produtividade de grãos. O experimento foi instalado em condições de campo em Jaboticabal-SP, no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos corresponderam a doses acumuladas por nove anos consecutivos de lodo de esgoto (45,0; 90,0 e 127,5 t ha-1, base seca) e um tratamento testemunha que recebeu fertilização mineral com base na análise de solo. O lodo de esgoto foi aplicado manualmente e incorporado ao solo com grade a 0,1 m de profundidade antes da semeadura do milho. Os teores médios de Cd no solo não variaram em função das doses de lodo e dos métodos de extração. Por outro lado, os teores médios de Cr, Pb e Zn no solo obtidos pela digestão com HClO4 + HF foram de 72,4; 31,8 e 62,3 %, respectivamente, superiores àqueles encontrados pela digestão que empregou HNO3 + H2O2 + HCl. Contudo, quando se avaliou apenas o efeito das doses de lodo no solo, em ambos os métodos de extração, verificou-se diferença entre os tratamentos apenas para a concentração de Zn no solo. Exceto o Cd, que não foi detectado, de modo geral, os teores e os acúmulos de Cr, Pb e Zn nas partes das plantas de milho aumentaram com as aplicações de lodo de esgoto. Os teores de Cr, Pb e Zn nos grãos, quando detectados, permaneceram abaixo dos limites máximos estabelecidos para o consumo humano conforme a legislação brasileira. A adição de lodo de esgoto e a fertilização mineral, por longo período, apresentaram efeitos semelhantes na produção de matéria seca e na produtividade de grãos de milho.

Influence of stocking density on weight gain and behavior of feedlot lambs

The aim of this study was to verify the influence of the animal density on the weight gain and behavior of confined lambs. 86 animals were confined after weaning in 23 pens of two lambs each (double pens) and four pens of ten animals each (collective pens). During the 80 days of confinement all lambs received the same diet and the animals were weighed at the beginning of the trial and every 14 days for the control of the weight gain. The behavioral patterns were recorded by focal sampling method using a time sampling of 30 minutes, from 6:00 am to 6:00 pm, for 4 days. The behavioral variables were: posture (standing; lying), activity (eating; ruminating; leisure; drinking water; grooming) and events (nid-nodding; pushing; picking up; bellowing; mounting; defecating; urinating). For the evaluation of the weight gain and behavior of the animals an analysis of variance and multiple comparison procedure by Student t test was used. The average weight gain was higher for pen animals (0.228 kg/day) compared to the animals housed in the collective pens (0.208 kg/day; P = 0.07). A higher percentage of animals housed in double pens remained standing compared to the animals housed in collective pens at 8:30 am (P < 0.05), 11:30 am (P < 0.01), 2:30 pm (P < 0.01), 4:30 pm (P < 0.01), and 5:30 pm (P < 0.01). For the eating activity, it was observed that 6.9% more animals kept in the double pens remained in this activity at 8:30 am (P < 0.05) and 4:30 pm (P < 0.05), than in collective pen. No statistical difference was found for the other activities and events between treatments. The number of animals per group influenced the behavior of confined lambs, changing the pattern of food intake which could improve the weight gain. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Utilização de alimentos contendo substâncias lipídicas e açucaradas por formigas urbanas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Interferon-gamma production by human neutrophils upon stimulation by IL-12, IL-15 and IL-18 and challenge with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeitos dos derivados vegetais de condimentos nas características de qualidade e vida de prateleira de linguiça de frango fresca

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Micotoxinas estrogênicas em águas superficiais da microbacia hidrográfica do Córrego Rico (SP): desenvolvimento de método analítico verde, ocorrência e persistência ambiental

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Self-assembly of organometallic Pd(II) complexes via CH3 center dot center dot center dot pi interactions: the first example of a cyclopalladated compound with herringbone stacking pattern

Two binuclear cyclometallated compounds [Pd(C-2,N-dmba)(mu-N-3)](2) (1) and [Pd-2(C-2,N-dmba)(2)(mu-N-3)(mu-Cl)] (2) (dmba = N,N-dimethylbenzylarnine) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental 3 analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopies and single crystal X-ray diffraction crystallography. The ability of CH3 groups to form C(sp(3))-H...pi hydrogen bonds with phenyl rings is responsible for the molecular self-assembly within the crystals of 1 and 2. Compound 1 crystallizes as one-dimensional supramolecular chains whereas the crystal packing of 2 consists of a herringbone of sandwiches composed by two inversely related [Pd-2(C-2,N-dmba)(2)(mu-N-3)(mu-Cl)] molecules. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Arraste via fecal de nutrientes da ingestão produzido por bagaço de mandioca hidrolisado

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Structural FRF acquisition via electric impedance measurement applied to damage location

Continuing development of new materials makes systems lighter and stronger permitting more complex systems to provide more functionality and flexibility that demands a more effective evaluation of their structural health. Smart material technology has become an area of increasing interest in this field. The combination of smart materials and artificial neural networks can be used as an excellent tool for pattern recognition, turning their application adequate for monitoring and fault classification of equipment and structures. In order to identify the fault, the neural network must be trained using a set of solutions to its corresponding forward Variational problem. After the training process, the net can successfully solve the inverse variational problem in the context of monitoring and fault detection because of their pattern recognition and interpolation capabilities. The use of structural frequency response function is a fundamental portion of structural dynamic analysis, and it can be extracted from measured electric impedance through the electromechanical interaction of a piezoceramic and a structure. In this paper we use the FRF obtained by a mathematical model (FEM) in order to generate the training data for the neural networks, and the identification of damage can be done by measuring electric impedance, since suitable data normalization correlates FRF and electrical impedance.

The dynamics of intraguild predation in Chrysomya albiceps Wied. (Diptera : Calliphoridae): Interactions between instars and species under different abundances of food

The pattern of larval interaction in blowflies confined with Chrysomya albiceps Wied. and C. rufifacies Maquart can be changed in response to the predatory behaviour of the two species to a contest-type process instead of the scramble competition that usually occurs in blowflies. Facultative predation is a frequent behaviour in C. albiceps and C. rufifacies that occurs as an alternative food source during the larval stage. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of intraguild predation by C. albiceps on other fly species in order to analyse interspecific and intraspecific survival in C. albiceps, C. megacephala and C macellaria Fabricius. The experimental design of the study allowed us to evaluate how factors such as species, density and abundance of food influenced the survival of the calliphorid species. When C albiceps was confined with C megacephala or C macellaria, only adults of C albiceps survived at different larval densities and abundance of food. In addition, the survival of C albiceps was higher in two-species experiments when compared to single species experiments. The implications of these results for the dynamics of C albiceps were discussed.

Latitudinal variation in population structure and reproductive pattern of the endemic south american shrimp Artemesia longinaris (Decapoda : Penaeoidea)

Population Structure and reproductive Maturity of females were investigated in the shrimp Artemesia longinaris Bate, 1888 from coastal waters of northern São Paulo State (Brazil. 23 degrees S) and Mar del Plata (Argentina, 38 degrees S) from June 2001 to May 2002. Monthly collections were taken by, commercial shrimp fishing boats equipped with bottom trawl nets. Population parameters from size frequency distributions and size (carapace length = CL) of female reproductive maturity were analyzed and compared front the two sampling areas. Latitudinal trends in reproductive parameters of A. longinaris were shown in overall body size and size of reproductive maturity, both of which were smaller in females from the tropical location than those front the cold-temperate sampling area. Largest females (> 30 turn CL) were collected in Argentina, while Brazilian specimens reached maximum size at 27 nun CL. The smallest Size of female sexual maturity was estimated at 13.6 nun CL in Brazilian samples compared to 22.1 mm CL calculated for those from Argentina. Populations from both regions exhibited a bimodal size distribution in the spring, with the peak at small body size probably corresponding to recent recruits and the peak at larger body, size to reproductive females or shrimps migrating in from deeper waters or other latitudinal regions. In late spring and summer. an intrusion of the cold South Atlantic Coastal Water mass was observed which lowered water temperature and stimulated plankton production. The primary food source for the larvae of a typically cold-temperate species such as A. longinaris. The trend of increasing body size and delay of sexual maturity with increasing latitude appears to be correlated with the decreasing water temperature and increasing plankton productivity at higher latitudes.