A moda contemporânea e a sustentabilidade no jeanswear: estudos de caso

Pós-graduação em Design - FAAC

Epistemologia da ciência da informação: um estudo das comunicações da GT1 do ENANCIB

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Os tons de Zé: transformações paradigmáticas na obra de Tom Zé (1967-1976)

Pós-graduação em Música - IA

Estudo da padronização visando à interoperabilidade: o caso das organizações de saúde na cidade de Marília- São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Ciência da Informação - FFC

O lugar de Otto Maria Carpeaux no campo da crítica

The paper studies Otto Maria Carpeaux`s work in the context of Brazilian literary critic in the decades of 1940-1950. Starting from Pierre Bourdieu`s theoretical formulations about field concept, are set reflections concerning the place occupied by Carpeaux in the light of paradigm shifts occurred in the criticism field and new processes of legitimation resulting from this situation.

Size-related shifts in dietary composition of Centropomus parallelus (Perciformes: Centropomidae) in an estuarine ecosystem of the southeastern coast of Brazil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

On developing efficient applications using conservative distributed simulation paradigm

This paper aims to present, using a set of guidelines, how to apply the conservative distributed simulation paradigm (CMB protocol) to develop efficient applications. Using these guidelines, even a user with little experience on distributed simulation and computer architecture can have good performance on distributed simulations using conservative synchronization protocols for parallel processes.The set of guidelines is focus on a specific application domain, the performance evaluation of computer systems, considering models with coarse granularity and few logical processes and running over two platforms: parallel (high performance communication environment) and distributed (low performance communication environment).

Ontogenetic shifts in the digestive tube and diet of Bryconamericus stramineus Eigenmann, 1908 (Osteichthyes, Characidae)

Aim: Studies on feeding of early life stages are very important to the understanding of the biology and trophic ecology of fish species. Therefore, the aim of this work is to describe the development of the digestive tube, and to characterize the diet of larvae and juveniles of Bryconamericus stramineus Eigenmann, 1908 of the upper Parana River floodplain; Methods: Larvae were obtained from, monthly samples during nychthemeral cycles with four-hour interval between samplings from February/91 to February/92, utilizing a conical-cylindrical plankton net; Results: At the preflexion stage, larvae at approximately 4.00 mm SL, showed a morphologically undifferentiated straight tube, with the anterior region more dilated. At the flexion stage a differentiation in the anterior region of the digestive tube occurs, with the intestine wall getting thicker (8.30 mm SL). The formation of pyloric caeca occurs at 9.00 mm SL. At the postflexion stage the first loop is formed at 9.25 mm SL and the second loop at about 10.00 mm SL. Bryconamericus stramineus consumed mainly cladocerans, also ingesting copepods, rotifers, nematodes, algae, insects and inorganic particles. Along the development, there was an increase in the number of food items and a diversification in the number of consumed taxa; Conclusions: Changes in the diet of B. stramineus larvae were not observed, being them zooplanktivores during all the initial development. However, an increase of large preys, such as insects larvae, was observed at the end of the larval period and in juveniles, suggesting a tendency towards invertivory. Larvae and juveniles preferentially fed during the night.

Are large-scale distributional shifts of the blue-winged macaw (Primolius maracana) related to climate change?

Aim To evaluate whether observed geographical shifts in the distribution of the blue-winged macaw (Primolius maracana) are related to ongoing processes of global climate change. This species is vulnerable to extinction and has shown striking range retractions in recent decades, withdrawing broadly from southern portions of its historical distribution. Its range reduction has generally been attributed to the effects of habitat loss; however, as this species has also disappeared from large forested areas, consideration of other factors that may act in concert is merited.Location Historical distribution of the blue-winged macaw in Brazil, eastern Paraguay and northern Argentina.Methods We used a correlative approach to test a hypothesis of causation of observed shifts by reduction of habitable areas mediated by climate change. We developed models of the ecological niche requirements of the blue-winged macaw, based on point-occurrence data and climate scenarios for pre-1950 and post-1950 periods, and tested model predictivity for anticipating geographical distributions within time periods. Then we projected each model to the other time period and compared distributions predicted under both climate scenarios to assess shifts of habitable areas across decades and to evaluate an explanation for observed range retractions.Results Differences between predicted distributions of the blue-winged macaw over the twentieth century were, in general, minor and no change in suitability of landscapes was predicted across large areas of the species' original range in different time periods. No tendency towards range retraction in the south was predicted, rather conditions in the southern part of the species' range tended to show improvement for the species.Main conclusions Our test permitted elimination of climate change as a likely explanation for the observed shifts in the distribution of the blue-winged macaw, and points rather to other causal explanations (e.g. changing regional land use, emerging diseases).

Ontogenetic diet shifts of a Neotropical catfish, Pimelodus maculatus (Siluriformes, Pimelodidae): An ecomorphological approach

This study analyses the ontogenetic diet shifts of a Neotropical catfish, Pimelodus maculatus ( Siluriformes, Pimelodidae), from an ecomorphological standpoint. We collected 241 individuals in the Piracicaba River ( Brazil) and, in the laboratory, seven morphometric variables were recorded from each specimen: standard length (SL), body depth, head length, snout length, eye diameter, mouth height and mouth width. After standardizing these measurements ( as a proportion of SL), linear regressions were run to determine whether their growth was isometric or allometric in relation to SL. The diet analysis shows that the main food item for fish in the smaller size classes is aquatic insects, while the largest individuals feed mainly on other fish. As the great majority of the morphometric variables analyzed showed isometric growth as a function of SL - which means that these fish do not change their shape significantly during their lives - the ontogenetic diet shifts may be seen as a consequence of the absolute size increment of their mouth gape, which allows individuals to maximize their energetic gain by ingesting larger prey with a higher caloric content.

Paracellular Absorption: A Bat Breaks the Mammal Paradigm

Bats tend to have less intestinal tissue than comparably sized nonflying mammals. The corresponding reduction in intestinal volume and hence mass of digesta carried is advantageous because the costs of flight increase with load carried and because take-off and maneuverability are diminished at heavier masses. Water soluble compounds, such as glucose and amino acids, are absorbed in the small intestine mainly via two pathways, the transporter-mediated transcellular and the passive, paracellular pathways. Using the microchiropteran bat Artibeus literatus (mean mass 80.6 +/- 3.7 g), we tested the predictions that absorption of water-soluble compounds that are not actively transported would be extensive as a compensatory mechanism for relatively less intestinal tissue, and would decline with increasing molecular mass in accord with sieve-like paracellular absorption. Using a standard pharmacokinetic technique, we fed, or injected intraperitonealy the metabolically inert carbohydrates L-rhamnose (molecular mass = 164 Da) and cellobiose (molecular mass = 342 Da) which are absorbed only by paracellular transport, and 3-O-methyl-D-glucose (3OMD-glucose) which is absorbed via both mediated (active) and paracellular transport. As predicted, the bioavailability of paracellular probes declined with increasing molecular mass (rhamnose, 90 +/- 11%; cellobiose, 10 +/- 3%, n = 8) and was significantly higher in bats than has been reported for laboratory rats and other mammals. In addition, absorption of 3OMD-glucose was high (96 +/- 11%). We estimated that the bats rely on passive, paracellular absorption for more than 70% of their total glucose absorption, much more than in non-flying mammals. Although possibly compensating for less intestinal tissue, a high intestinal permeability that permits passive absorption might be less selective than a carrier-mediated system for nutrient absorption and might permit toxins to be absorbed from plant and animal material in the intestinal lumen.

Seasonal diet shifts of seven fish species in an Atlantic rainforest stream in Southeastern Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

O Programa UNI no Brasil: uma avaliação da coerência no seu processo de formulação e implementação

O estudo avaliou a coerência do ideário do Programa UNI, em três projetos no Brasil, analisando a relação entre Propósitos, Métodos e Organização, à luz do Postulado de Coerência de Mario Testa. Bibliografia sobre o Programa UNI e entrevistas com doze atores do seu processo, agrupados como Formuladores do Programa UNI, Diretores de Projetos UNI e Avaliadores, compuseram o material empírico. Este foi recortado, sistematizado e analisado segundo categorias analíticas de determinação, condicionamento, sujeito coletivo e paradigma e segundo categorias empíricas de propósito, método e organização. Evidenciou-se uma formulação idealizada do espaço real de operacionalização dos Projetos e a presença de linhas de determinação e condicionamento construídas, dialeticamente, no espaço concreto de atuação dos atores e na relação entre sujeito e objeto, algumas vezes, em sentido contrário ao que previamente se supôs na formulação do Programa. A investigação conseguiu identificar movimentos de mudanças nas realidades dos Projetos UNI, tanto na universidade, como nos serviços de saúde e comunidade. As limitações presentes no referencial teórico funcionalista, adotado na formulação inicial do Programa e na pouca valorização dada às linhas de condicionamento ou determinação que partem das organizações podem ser apontadas como explicações para o não alcance de sua eficácia plena.

ANOMALIES OF COMPLEX VARIATIONAL PHASE-SHIFTS

It is argued, contrary to various claims and expectations, that the phase shifts calculated via variational principles for the t matrix involving complex algebra may exhibit anomalous behavior. These anomalies are numerically demonstrated in the case of the complex Kohn and the Newton variational principles for the t matrix and are expected to appear for other similar variational principles for the t matrix, such as the Takatsuka-McKoy variational principle.