33 resultados para natural language

em Repositório Institucional UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho"


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This paper presents a proposal for the semantic treatment of ambiguous homographic forms in Brazilian Portuguese, and to offer linguistic strategies for its computational implementation in Systems of Natural Language Processing (SNLP). Pustejovsky's Generative Lexicon was used as a theoretical model. From this model, the Qualia Structure - QS (and the Formal, Telic, Agentive and Constitutive roles) was selected as one of the linguistic and semantic expedients for the achievement of disambiguation of homonym forms. So that analyzed and treated data could be manipulated, we elaborated a Lexical Knowledge Base (LKB) where lexical items are correlated and interconnected by different kinds of semantic relations in the QS and ontological information.

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The present paper introduces a new model of fuzzy neuron, one which increases the computational power of the artificial neuron, turning it also into a symbolic processing device. This model proposes the synapsis to be symbolically and numerically defined, by means of the assignment of tokens to the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons. The matching or concatenation compatibility between these tokens is used to decided about the possible connections among neurons of a given net. The strength of the compatible synapsis is made dependent on the amount of the available presynaptic and post synaptic tokens. The symbolic and numeric processing capacity of the new fuzzy neuron is used here to build a neural net (JARGON) to disclose the existing knowledge in natural language data bases such as medical files, set of interviews, and reports about engineering operations.

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As expressões cultura e identidade surdas têm se legitimado, principalmente, pela defesa da língua de sinais como sendo a língua natural dos surdos. Essa defesa se faz por meio de uma inversão teórica que toma a língua, num primeiro momento, como determinada pelas práticas e interações sociais e, num segundo, faz dela a definidora dessas mesmas práticas. Este artigo discute os mecanismos de legitimação dessa inversão e suas implicações sociais e teóricas.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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No âmbito do Processamento Automático de Línguas Naturais (PLN), o desenvolvimento de recursos léxico-semânticos é premente. Ao conceber os sistemas de PLN como um exercício de engenharia da linguagem humana, acredita-se que o desenvolvimento de tais recursos pode ser beneficiado pelos modelos de representação do conhecimento, desenvolvidos pela Engenharia do Conhecimento. Esses modelos, em particular, fornecem simultaneamente o arcabouço teórico-metodológico e a metalinguagem formal para o tratamento computacional do significado das unidades lexicais. Neste artigo, após a apresentação da concepção linguístico-computacional de léxico, elucidam-se os principais paradigmas de representação do conhecimento, enfatizando a abordagem do significado e a metalinguagem formal vinculadas a cada um deles.

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O presente trabalho almeja expor o fenômeno da homonímia no português do Brasil, enquanto ambigüidade presente em uma língua natural, por meio de uma revisitação teórica em diversos autores e em confronto com a polissemia. Ademais, pretende-se, além de redefinir conceitualmente a homonímia, propor critérios semânticos distintivos para esse fenômeno lingüístico, tais como a análise sêmica, o campo léxico, o uso de expressões cristalizadas e a ocorrência de traços especificadores.

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In this paper, we provide a brief description of the multidisciplinary domain of research called Natural Language Processing (NLP), which aims at enabling the computer to deal with natural languages. In accordance with this description, NLP is conceived as "human language engineering or technology". Therefore, NLP requires consistent description of linguistic facts on every linguistic level: morphological, syntactic, semantic, and even the level of pragmatics and discourse. In addition to the linguistically-motivated conception of NLP, we emphasize the origin of such research field, the place occupied by NLP inside a multidisciplinary scenario, their objectives and challenges. Finally, we provide some remarks on the automatic processing of Brazilian Portuguese language.

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One of the great challenges of structural dynamics is to ally structures lighther and stronger. The great difficulty is that light systems, in general, have a low inherent damping. Besides, they contain resonance frequencies in the low frequency range. So, any external disturbance can excite the system in some resonance and the resulting effect can be drastic. The methodologies of active damping, with control algorithms and piezoelectric sensors and actuators coupled in a base structure, are attractive in current days, in order to overcome the contradictory features of these requeriments. In this sense, this article contributes with a bibliographical review of the literature on the importance of active noise and vibration control in engineering applications, models of smart structures, techniques of optimal placement of piezoelectric sensors and actuators and methodologies of structural active control. Finally, it is discussed the future perspectives in this area.

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A comparative evaluation was made of the use of natural language versus two specialized indexing languages, aiming to demonstrate the influence of the availability of indexing languages on the functioning of information retrieval systems. The study was conducted within the ambit of the construction of search strategies by subject in online university library catalogs. The precision ratio was calculated to determine the accuracy of each indexing language in subjectbased information retrieval. From the comparative evaluation of the use of indexing languages, it was concluded that the term specificity required by the user during retrieval was more satisfactory when the query was made through controlled languages, whose availability and simplicity is also an indispensable requisite.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Estudos Linguísticos - IBILCE

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Filosofia - FFC

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)