46 resultados para mineral concentration
em Repositório Institucional UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho"
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This study analyzed degrees of demineralization in bovine enamel using synchrotron microcomputed tomography (SMCT) and hardness measurements (Knoop hardness number, KHN). For 5 days, 40 bovine enamel blocks were individually subjected to a pH cycling model and treatment with fluoride dentifrices (placebo, 275, 550 and 1,100 mu g F/g) diluted in deionized water twice a day. Surface hardness number and cross-sectional profiles of hardness and mineral concentration (by SMCT) were determined. Integrated hardness (KHN x mu m) for sound and demineralized specimens was calculated and subtracted to give the integrated loss of hardness (Delta KHN) for the lesions. Increasing fluoride concentration in the dentifrices led to higher values for surface hardness after pH cycling and mineral concentration (g(HAp) cm(-3)), and lower values for Delta KHN (p < 0.05). From the present results, it may be concluded that hardness measurements revealed demineralization in all groups, which was lower in groups treated with dentifrice with a higher F concentration. SMCT and hardness measurements gave similar results in areas with higher demineralization, but diverged in areas with lower demineralization. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel
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Two tomato scions (cvs. 'Raf' and 'Gorety') were grafted on three different rootstocks: S. torvum, 'Beaufort' (Lycopersicum esculentum × Lycopersicum hirsutum) and intermediate grafting of eggplant 'Cristal' between tomato and S. torvum (double graft). Plants were grown in Mediterranean greenhouse conditions. The response to grafting was measured through growth parameters, Fv/Fm and leaf macronutrients analysis, and it was compared with non-grafted plants. The scions grafted on S. torvum in simple and double graft showed lower fresh and dry weight of leaves, number of commercial fruits, plant height, Fv/Fm and decreased their capacity to absorb several nutrients resulting in a lower mineral concentration in scions leaves, as a result of a thickened graft union. On the other hand, both scions showed a good response when grafted on the rootstock 'Beaufort', with which growth parameters, yield and photosynthetic capacity were similar to non-grafted plants. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
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Mineral elements are essential to animal health, survival and production because they are part of physiological, structural, catalytic and regulatory organism functions. Therefore, they should be present in diet. However, these minerals when ingested in excessive doses due to errors in balancing mineral supplements and/or complete ration, intake of plants with high mineral concentration, resulting from addition of fertilizers, herbicides, insecticides and fungicides in pasture or tillage where plants and/or grains will be used to feed animals, decomposition of urban and industrial wastes, leaks and accidental spills of pollutants may result in accumulation of toxic mineral elements in the environment poisoning the animals and may lead them to death. However, toxic doses, physiological changes during poisoning, symptoms and mineral concentration in tissues of poisoned animals to confirm diagnosis are not completely known. Thus, this study reviews mineral element doses that some authors considered toxic for animals intake, as its concentration in tissues of poisoned animals and its physiological effects, symptoms, diagnostic procedures and treatment for poisoning by cadmium, lead, copper, chromium, iodine, manganese, molybdenum, selenium and zinc.
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The greenhouse production associated with the fertigation management, have established in Brazil as economical alternative for several horticultural species. With this strategy this study had as aim to evaluate possible impacts in the metabolism of plants of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.; cv Elisa) in response to the increase of mineral concentration in the soil. During the experiments, the some nutrient concentrations were altered, to obtain high values of electric conductivity (EC) in the soil solution. The EC values commonly observed in the traditional fertigation system were adopted, as control. It was also verified the possibility of reduction of the mineral stress impact by the application of organic matter in the soil. Parameters of the antioxidative response system, as the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase enzyme activities besides the proline content were evaluated to measure the extension of the saline stress and their effects on the plants. The increase of EC of the soil induced to the increase of the proline concentration and the SOD activity. Unexpectedly, it was verified that the saline stress inhibited the activity of the enzyme catalase. It was also concluded that the monitoring of EC of the soil is an indispensable tool to reach success in the fertigation system and that the study of the activity of the enzymes of the antioxidative response system, and the proline contents can be assumed as indicators in of the levels of stress in bell pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.; cv Elisa).
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of some acidic drinks on dentin erosion, using methods of surface profile (SP) analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF). One hundred standardized dentin slabs obtained from bovine incisor roots were used. Dentin slabs measuring 5x5 mm were ground flat, polished and half of each specimen surface was protected with nail polish. For 60 min, the dentin surfaces were immersed in 50 mL of 5 different drinks (Gatorade®, Del Valle Mais orange juice®, Coca-Cola®, Red Bull® and white wine), 20 blocks in each drink. The pH of each beverage was measured. After the erosive challenge, the nail polish was removed and SP was analyzed. The mineral concentration of dentin surfaces was determined by means of EDXRF. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). SP analysis showed that Red-Bull had the highest erosive potential (p<0.05). EDXRF results exhibited a decrease in phosphate in the groups immersed in Red-Bull, orange juice and white wine (p<0.05), and no significant difference in calcium content between the reference surface and eroded surface. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that all studied beverages promoted erosion on root dentin and Red Bull had the highest erosive potential. There was no correlation between pH of beverages and their erosive potential and only the P content changed after erosive challenge.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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The aim of this study was to analyze the anticaries potential of pit and fissure sealants containing amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) by synchrotron microtomography. Bovine enamel blocks (4x4 mm; n=50) were selected through surface hardness (Knoop) analysis. Slabs were obtained through cross-sections taken 1 mm from the border of the enamel. Five indentations, spaced 100 mu m apart, were made 300 mu m from the border. Ten specimens were prepared for each tested material (Ultraseal XT plus TM, Aegis, Embrace, Vitremer and Experimental Sealant). The materials were randomly attached to the sectioned surfaces of the enamel blocks and fixed with sticky wax. The specimens were submitted to pH cycling. After that, the surface hardness (SH1) was determined, and the blocks were submitted to synchrotron microcomputed tomography analysis to calculate the mineral concentration (Delta g(HAp) cm(-3)) at different areas of the enamel. The comparison between the SH1 and DgHAp cm(-3) showed a correlation for all groups (r=0.840; p<0.001). The fluoride groups presented positive values of DgHAp cm(-3), indicating a mineral gain that was observed mainly in the outer part of the enamel. The ACP showed mineral loss in the outer enamel compared with fluoride groups, although it inhibited the demineralization in the deeper areas of enamel. The combination of two remineralizing agents (fluoride and ACP) was highly effective in preventing demineralization.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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It has been shown that people of all ages can benefit from the topical and systemic effects of water fluoridation. However, the increase in consumption of bottled water, either to substitute for or supplement consumption of water from public sources, has implications for safe fluoride supplementation. Taking that into consideration, in 1995 we analyzed the fluoride content in 31 commercial brands of mineral water in the region of Araraquara, state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Fluoride concentration as determined by our analysis was compared to the concentration of fluoride specified on each label. Only 25% of the products studied listed the fluoride concentration on their labels. In addition, among 31 mineral water brands, 26 listed the date when the chemical analysis to determine chemical composition had been performed. Of these, 20 had not been put through the annual chemical analysis determined by Brazilian law. Based on these results, if the mineral waters tested had been the only source of drinking water, fluoride supplementation would have been necessary in 69% of the samples analyzed. In the case of children up to 6 years of age who use products containing fluoride, such as topical gels, mouthwashes or toothpastes, supplementation should be recommended only if commercially bottled water is the only source of water used, not only for drinking but for cooking as well.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Rottboelia exaltata é considerada uma das 12 piores espécies daninhas que infestam a cultura da cana-de-açúcar, pois geralmente não permite o fechamento das entrelinhas da cana quando se encontra em densidades maiores que 10 plantas por m². Com o objetivo de estudar a produção de massa seca, a distribuição e o acúmulo de macronutrientes em plantas de capim-camalote, foi conduzido o presente trabalho em condições de casa de vegetação. As plantas foram cultivadas em vasos preenchidos com areia de rio lavada e peneirada, sendo irrigadas diariamente com solução nutritiva completa de Hoagland & Arnon a 50% da concentração original. A primeira avaliação foi realizada aos 21 dias após a emergência (DAE), e as seguintes, em intervalos de 14 dias. Foi determinada a biomassa seca das diferentes partes da planta. O material foi moído e analisado quanto aos teores de macronutrientes. Os resultados indicaram que a planta apresentou crescimento durante toda a fase experimental. O maior acúmulo ocorreu aos 133 DAE, quando a planta acumulou 87,18 gramas de massa seca. Aos 133 DAE, cerca de 34,60% da biomassa seca estava alocada nas raízes, 40,29% nos colmos + bainhas, 15,13% nas folhas e 8,35% nas inflorescências. O acúmulo total dos macronutrientes foi crescente ao longo do ciclo de desenvolvimento da planta. Até 77 DAE, uma planta de capim-camalote acumula 7,14 gramas de massa seca; 132,2 mg de K; 81,5 mg de N; 32,3 mg de Ca; 18,8 mg de P; 18,6 mg de Mg; e 10,1 mg de S.
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Brachiaria decumbens, vulgarmente conhecida por capim-braquiária, é considerada uma importante planta daninha, muito agressiva e de difícil controle em áreas onde foi introduzida como forrageira e posteriormente tornou-se lavoura. Com o objetivo de estudar a produção de massa seca, a distribuição e o acúmulo de macronutrientes em plantas de capim-braquiária, foi conduzido o presente trabalho em casa de vegetação. As plantas foram cultivadas em vasos preenchidos com areia de rio lavada e peneiradas e irrigadas diariamente com solução nutritiva completa de Hoagland & Arnon a 50% da concentração original. A primeira avaliação foi realizada aos 20 dias após a emergência (DAE), e as seguintes, em intervalos de 14 dias. Foi determinada a massa seca das diferentes partes da planta. O material foi moído e analisado quanto aos teores de macronutrientes. Os resultados indicaram que a planta apresentou crescimento durante toda a fase experimental. O maior acúmulo ocorreu aos 160 DAE, sendo de 38,27 g planta-1 de massa seca. Aos 160 DAE, cerca de 37,37% da massa seca estava alocada nas raízes, 37,54% nos colmos + bainhas e 25,09% nas folhas. O acúmulo total dos macronutrientes foi crescente até os 146 dias após a emergência. Aos 76 DAE (período de maior competição dessa espécie com a maioria das culturas anuais), uma planta de capim-braquiária acumulou 1,32 grama de massa seca; 40,8 mg de K; 18,2 mg de N; 6,3 mg de Ca; 5,2 mg de Mg; 2,68 mg de P; e 2,4 mg de S.
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Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de nitrogênio (0, 100, 200, 300 e 400 kg/ha.ano), com ou sem aplicação de calcário dolomítico em cobertura, sobre o teor de potássio (K) do solo nas profundidades de 0 a 5; 5 a 10; e 10 a 20 cm e a concentração de potássio na planta. O experimento foi realizado em Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico de relevo suavemente ondulado, disposto em esquema fatorial 5 × 2, em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. A adubação nitrogenada promoveu aumento linear na concentração de potássio na planta e no teor desse mineral na camada de 0 a 5 cm do solo. Ocorreu efeito de inibição competitiva entre a absorção de potássio e cálcio e entre potássio e magnésio. Embora uma fração significativa de potássio retorne à camada superficial do solo pelo resíduo de forragem, em decorrência da maior produção de massa, o aumento da concentração de potássio na planta nas mais altas doses de nitrogênio comprova a importância do suprimento de potássio para a planta, por intensificar a massa de forragem.
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Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos das lâminas brutas de irrigação na concentração de nutrientes de mudas de Eucalyptus grandis, produzidas em diferentes substratos. O experimento foi realizado na Camará - Mudas Florestais, em Ibaté, SP, e constituiu-se de um fatorial 5 x 4, sendo cinco lâminas brutas de irrigação diárias (6, 8, 10, 12 e 14 mm), aplicadas em diferentes horários (10, 13 e 16 h), e quatro substratos (FB - fibra de coco; CPV - casca de pinus e vermiculita; CATV - casca de pinus, carvão, turfa e vermiculita; e um MIX - 70 % de CPV e 30 % de FB). Foram determinadas os conteúdos dos nutrientes na parte aérea e no sistema radicular das mudas. Os resultados indicaram que houve influência das lâminas de irrigação e dos substratos no conteúdo dos nutrientes das mudas com maior acúmulo dos mesmos à medida que o fornecimento de água foi maior. As plantas crescidas nos substratos FB e CPV registraram os maiores acúmulos de nutrientes. CPV foi o melhor em se tratando do acúmulo dos macronutrientes nas raízes e também, juntamente com FB, o melhor para o acúmulo dos micronutrientes nas raízes e na parte aérea. Não houve influência dos substratos no acúmulo dos macronutrientes na parte aérea, porém houve das lâminas de irrigação.