A imagem de César e Augusto: representações do ideal de princeps em Suetônio

Pós-graduação em História - FCLAS

O Brasil e a política estratégica dos Estados Unidos: o fim da Guerra Fria : hemisfério Ocidental, América Latina e as Relações Brasil-Estados Unidos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Um balanço entre o multilateralismo e o unilateralismo na política externa dos EUA no caso da guerra contra o Iraque em 2003

Pós-graduação em Relações Internacionais (UNESP - UNICAMP - PUC-SP) - FFC

Mapping of adhesion forces on soil minerals in air and water by atomic force spectroscopy (AFS)

The adhesion force between an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip and sample surfaces, mica and quartz substrates, was measured in air and water. The force curves show that the adhesion has a strong dependence on both the surface roughness and the environmental conditions surrounding the sample. The variability of the adhesion force was examined in a series of measurements taken at the same point, as well as at different places on the sample surface. The adhesion maps obtained from the distribution of the measured forces indicated regions contaminated by either organic compounds or adsorbed water. Using simple mathematical expressions we could quantitatively predict the adhesion force behavior in both air and water. The experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical calculations, where the adhesion forces in air and water were mostly associated with capillary and van der Waals forces, respectively. A small long-range repulsive force is also observed in water due to the overlapping electrical double-layers formed on both the tip and sample surfaces.

Autonomia na lei: as forças armadas nas constituições nacionais

L'objectif de ce travail est d'analyser les différences entre la fonction, la mission et le rôle de l'Armée dans les constitutions brésiliennes, de 1824 à 1988. L'hypothèse en discussion est que la disjonction consacrée constitutionnellement entre la Loi et l'Ordre consolide une limitation à la démocratie en autorisant des interventions dans l'Armée qui vont au-delà de la Loi. Nous défendons que l'autonomie militaire, garantie par les constitutions, rend très difficile la subordination militaire par rapport au pouvoir civil, car cette subordination est nécessaire à la consolidation du régime démocratique.

O Serviço de Informações e a cultura do segredo

Neste texto revisitamos a formação dos serviços de inteligência no Brasil e sua adaptação à cultura do segredo. Também avaliamos como a existência de serviços de inteligência no interior das forças armadas modificaram a estratégia de atuação castrense no âmbito interno, utilizando como exemplo a campanha Marajoara, terceira empreitada militar na guerrilha do Araguaia.

Cutting forces in turning of gray cast iron using silicon nitride based cutting tool

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Militarism, conflicts and indiscipline in police practices in the State of São Paulo during the First Brazilian Republic

This article examines the challenges involved in the process of police militarization and implementation of police discipline in the State of São Paulo during the First Brazilian Republic (1889 to 1930). The implementation of a militarized police model, initiated by the 1906 French Military Mission, was not fully able to deal with indiscipline issues among policemen. Beyond creating problems of its own, such as fostering a corporatist culture and strengthening rigid hierarchies, military discipline prevented police forces to address new issues that would affect its practices. Documents in the São Paulo State Public Archive provides a window to the daily violence, the personal compromises, the institutional conflicts and the political meddling that was part of police life in the State of São Paulo at the turn of the century.

CLINICAL EVALUATION of THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN NONCARIOUS CERVICAL LESIONS and OCCLUSAL FORCES

Statement of problem. Noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs) are a frequent challenge in clinical dental practice, given the variety of opinions regarding their etiology, diagnosis, and treatment.Purpose. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential relationship between occlusal forces and the occurrence of NCCLs.Material and methods. The participant population consisted of 111 volunteers (30 male and 81 female, mean age 23.6 years). General personal information was recorded, after which participants were examined for the presence and location of NCCLs, gingival recession, fracture lines, dental and restoration fractures, presence and location of tooth wear, type of occlusal guidance scheme for lateral mandibular movements, and existence of occlusal interference or premature contacts. The participants were divided according to the presence or absence of NCCLs, and data were statistically analyzed with the Independent t test, the Chi-square test, and the Fisher exact test (alpha=.05).Results. A significant association was found between the presence of NCCLs and age (P=.008), gingival recession (P<.001), occlusal trauma (P<.001), presence (P<.001) and location of tooth wear, and group function as occlusal guidance scheme in lateral excursive movements (P<.001).Conclusions. A strong relationship between the presence of NCCLs and occlusal overload was found. (J Prosthet Dent 2012;108:298-303)

Influence of compression forces on tablets disintegration by AC Biosusceptometry

Analysis of physical phenomena that occurs during tablet disintegration has been studied by several experimental approaches; however none of them satisfactorily describe this process. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of compression force on the tablets by associating the AC Biosusceptometry with consolidated methods in order to validate the biomagnetic technique as a tool for quality control in pharmaceutical processes.Tablets obtained at five compression levels were submitted to mechanical properties tests. For uncoated tablets, water uptake and disintegration force measurements were performed in order to compare with magnetic data. For coated tablets, magnetic measurements were carried out to establish a relationship between physical parameters of the disintegration process. According to the results, differences between the compression levels were found for water uptake, force development and magnetic area variation measurements. ACB method was able to estimate the disintegration properties as well as the kinetics of disintegration process for uncoated and coated tablets. This study provided a new approach for in vitro investigation and validated this biomagnetic technique as a tool for quality control for pharmaceutical industry. Moreover, using ACB will also be possible to test these parameters in humans allowing to establish an in vitro/in vivo correlation (IVIVC). (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The cross-entropy method and its application to minimize the ripple of magnetic levitation forces of a maglev system

This paper explores firstly the potential of a new evolutionary method - the Cross-Entropy (CE) method in solving continuous inverse electromagnetic problems. For this purpose, an adaptive updating formula for the smoothing parameter, some mutation operation, and a new termination criterion are proposed. The proposed CE based metaheuristics is applied to reduce the ripple of the magnetic levitation forces of a prototype Maglev system. The numerical results have shown that the ripple of the magnetic levitation forces of the prototype system is reduced significantly after the design optimization using the proposed algorithm.

Electromagnetic energy-momentum and forces in matter

We discuss the electromagnetic energy-momentum distribution and the mechanical forces of the electromagnetic field in material media. There is a long-standing controversy on these notions. The Minkowski and the Abraham energy-momentum tensors are the most well-known ones. We propose a solution of this problem which appears to be natural and self-consistent from both a theoretical and an experimental point of view. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

Theoretical Models for Surface Forces and Adhesion and Their Measurement Using Atomic Force Microscopy

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A fragilidade da condução política da defesa no Brasil

O presente artigo trata de avaliar em perspectiva histórica, algumas falhas na condução da política de Defesa no Brasil, fulcrais para se compreender a continuidade de um quadro de indevida participação militar e de ausência de controle civil na elaboração e implementação da mencionada pasta, incompatíveis com um contexto de governabilidade democrática. A despeito de algumas iniciativas no sentido de regulamentar os limites de atuação das Forças Armadas para que as mesmas não extrapolem suas funções e missões essenciais, e para que a política de Defesa seja revestida de um verniz público e civil - a exemplo da criação do Ministério da Defesa e da publicação da Estratégia Nacional de Defesa -, prevalece uma situação de fragilidade institucional e de vazio de poder público propícios para que a vontade militar permaneça conferindo o tom da Defesa nacional.

Built to Bite: Feeding Kinematics, Bite Forces, and Head Shape of a Specialized Durophagous Lizard, Dracaena Guianensis (Teiidae)

Most lizards feed on a variety of food items that may differ dramatically in their physical and behavioral characteristics. Several lizard families are known to feed upon hard-shelled prey (durophagy). Yet, specializations toward true molluscivory have been documented for only a few species. As snails are hard and brittle food items, it has been suggested that a specialized cranial morphology, high bite forces, and an adapted feeding strategy are important for such lizards. Here we compare head and skull morphology, bite forces, and feeding kinematics of a snail-crushing teiid lizard (Dracaena guianensis) with those in a closely related omnivorous species (Tupinambis merianae). Our data show that juvenile D. guianensis differ from T. merianae in having bigger heads and greater bite forces. Adults, however, do not differ in bite force. A comparison of feeding kinematics in adult Dracaena and Tupinambis revealed that Dracaena typically use more transport cycles, yet are more agile in manipulating snails. During transport, the tongue plays an important role in manipulating and expelling shell fragments before swallowing. Although Dracaena is slow, these animals are very effective in crushing and processing hard-shelled prey. J. Exp. Zool. 317A:371381, 2012. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.